火丙 发表于 2023-12-25 21:53:17

两个视图基类 快速实现publish的5个接口 9个视图子类

1 两个视图基类

# APIView--->之前一直在用---》drf提供的最顶层的父类---》以后所有视图类,都继承自它
# GenericAPIView--》继承自APIView--》封装1.1 继承APIView+序列化类+Response写接口

urls.py--子路由--app01--urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>/',views.BookDetaiView.as_view())
]序列化类
serializer.py


from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Book


class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
      model=Book
      # 'publish', 'authors'反序列化
      fields=['id','name','price','publish','authors','author_list','publish_detail']
      extra_kwars={
            'publish':{'weite_only':True},
            'authors':{'weite_only':True},
            'author_list':{'read_only':True},
            'publish_detail':{'read_only':True},

      }表模型
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)

    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    @property
    def publish_detail(self):
      return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city}

    @property
    def author_list(self):
      l = []
      for author in self.authors.all():
            l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
      return l

    def __str__(self):
      return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
      return self.name


class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
      return self.name

    class Meta:
      verbose_name = '出版社'
      verbose_name_plural = verbose_name视图类
from .serializer import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from .models import Book
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
      booklist = Book.objects.all()
      ser = BookSerializer(instance=booklist, many=True)
      return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
      ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetaiView(APIView):
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      ser = BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      ser = BookSerializer(instance=book)
      return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      return Response('')1.2 继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口

#第二层继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
      object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
      return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
      ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
class BookDetaiView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取,取除pk对应的值,查询
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      obj=self.get_object()
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
      return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      self.get_object().delete()
      return Response('')快速实现publish的5个接口

只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可,其他的不用动
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    #path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
    #path('books/<int:pk>/',views.BookDetaiView.as_view()),

    path('publish/',views.PublishView.as_view()),
    path('publish/<int:pk>/',views.PublishDetaiView.as_view())
]views.py
#快速实现publish的5个接口
from .models import Publish
from .serializer import PublishSerializer
class PublishView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

    def get(self, request):
      # object_list = self.queryset.all()# 获取所有要序列化的数据
      #         #1 写成方法的目的--》调用all()
      #         #2 子类可以重写这个方法--》返回什么,待序列化的数据就是什么
      #         object_list = self.get_queryset()# 获取所有要序列化的数据
      object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
      # 本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True)
      return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
      ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
class PublishDetaiView(GenericAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取,取除pk对应的值,查询
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
      if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
      else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      obj=self.get_object()
      ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
      return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
      self.get_object().delete()
      return Response('')serializer.py
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
      model = Publish
      fields = "__all__"继承GenericAPIView的写法

        -1 在类中,写两个类属性:所有数据,序列化类
      queryset = Book.objects.all()
            serializer_class = BookSerializer
    -2 获取所有要序列化的数据
            self.get_queryset()
    -3 获取序列化类
            self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样)
    -4 获取单挑
            self.get_object()GenericAPIView源码分析

-1 继承了APIView
-2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个queryset,serializer_class
        queryset      # 要序列化的所有数据
    serializer_class# 序列化类
    lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条,前端传入的参数对应值【pk】,转换器
    filter_backends# 后续要学的,过滤
    pagination_class # 后续要学的,分页
   
   
   
-3 有些对象方法
           -get_queryset: 返回待序列化的数据
                    1 调用 .all
              2 在子类中重写,控制要序列化的数据
       -get_serializer: 返回 序列化类以后用它
                    -本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True)
             -内部调用了:self.get_serializer_class
             -后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class,返回什么序列化类,以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化
            
               
       - get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的
      def get_serializer_class(self):
            if self.request.method=='GET':
                return '序列化的类'
            else:
                return '反序列化的类'
            
      -get_object 获取单条---》根据它:lookup_field   获取
            第三层:继承 GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类+序列化类+Response

5个视图扩展类(不是视图类--》没有继承APIView及其子类,不能单独用,需要配合GenericAPIView)---》每个分别写的5个接口中得某一个方法
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin
   
    #CreateModelMixin 新增
#ListModelMixin查询所有
#RetrieveModelMixin查询单条
#UpdateModelMixin修改
# DestroyModelMixin销毁views.py
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin
class BookView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
      # object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据
      # ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类
      # return Response(ser.data)
      return super().list(request)

    def post(self, request):
# 做保存,加了这一句---》目的是:子类可以重写,增强扩展性
# self.perform_create(serializer)
      return super().list(request)
class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
      return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)9个视图子类

第四层:9个视图子类---》视图类
#CreateModelMixin 新增
#ListModelMixin查询所有
# ListCreateAPIView 新增+查询所有
#RetrieveModelMixin查询单条
#UpdateModelMixin修改
# DestroyModelMixin销毁
# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView查询单条+修改+销毁
# RetrieveDestroyAPIView查询单条+ 销毁
# RetrieveUpdateAPIView查询单条+修改
# CreateAPIView继承了 GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin,写了post方法
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView


#实现
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
    # 先配置两个类属性
#用的话必须写
    queryset =Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
   
   
class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

   
    # 实现新增,查所有和查询一条
# class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
#   # 配置两个类属性
#   queryset = Book.objects.all()
#   serializer_class = BookSerializer
#
#
# class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
#   queryset = Book.objects.all()
#   serializer_class = BookSerializer
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangfanshixiaobai/p/17927061.html
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