爬虫实战：从网页到本地，如何轻松实现小说离线阅读
今天我们将继续进行爬虫实战，除了常规的网页数据抓取外，我们还将引入一个全新的下载功能。具体而言，我们的主要任务是爬取小说内容，并实现将其下载到本地的操作，以便后续能够进行离线阅读。为了确保即使在功能逐渐增多的情况下也不至于使初学者感到困惑，我特意为你绘制了一张功能架构图，具体如下所示：
让我们开始深入解析今天的主角：小说网
小说解析
书单获取
在小说网的推荐列表中，我们可以选择解析其中的某一个推荐内容，而无需完全还原整个网站页面的显示效果，从而更加高效地获取我们需要的信息。
以下是一个示例代码，帮助你更好地理解：
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/122.0.0.0'}
req = Request("https://www.readnovel.com/",headers=headers)
# 发出请求，获取html
# 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串
html = urlopen(req)
html_text = bytes.decode(html.read())
soup = bf(html_text,'html.parser')
for li in soup.select('#new-book-list li'):
a_tag = li.select_one('a')
p_tag = li.select_one('p')
book = {
'href': a_tag['href'],
'title': a_tag.get('title'),
'content': p_tag.get_text()
}
print(book)书籍简介
在通常情况下，我们会先查看书单，然后对书籍的大致内容进行了解，因此直接解析相关内容即可。以下是一个示例代码：
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/122.0.0.0'}
req = Request(f"https://www.readnovel.com{link}#Catalog",headers=headers)
# 发出请求，获取html
# 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串
html = urlopen(req)
html_text = bytes.decode(html.read())
soup = bf(html_text,'html.parser')
og_title = soup.find('meta', property='og:title')['content']
og_description = soup.find('meta', property='og:description')['content']
og_novel_author = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:author')['content']
og_novel_update_time = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:update_time')['content']
og_novel_status = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:status')['content']
og_novel_latest_chapter_name = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:latest_chapter_name')['content']
# 查找内容为"免费试读"的a标签
div_tag = soup.find('div', id='j-catalogWrap')
list_items = div_tag.find_all('li', attrs={'data-rid': True})
for li in list_items:
link_text = li.find('a').text
if '第' in link_text:
link_url = li.find('a')['href']
link_obj = {'link_text':link_text,
'link_url':link_url}
free_trial_link.append(link_obj)
print(f"书名:{og_title}")
print(f"简介:{og_description}")
print(f"作者:{og_novel_author}")
print(f"最近更新:{og_novel_update_time}")
print(f"当前状态:{og_novel_status}")
print(f"最近章节:{og_novel_latest_chapter_name}")在解析过程中，我们发现除了获取书籍的大致内容外，还顺便解析了相关的书籍目录。将这些目录保存下来会方便我们以后进行试读操作，因为一旦对某本书感兴趣，我们接下来很可能会阅读一下。如果确实对书籍感兴趣，可能还会将其加入书单。为了避免在阅读时再次解析，我们在这里直接保存了这些目录信息。
免费试读
在这一步，我们的主要任务是解析章节的名称以及章节内容，并将它们打印出来，为后续封装成方法以进行下载或阅读做准备。这样做可以更好地组织和管理数据，提高代码的复用性和可维护性。下面是一个示例代码，展示了如何实现这一功能：
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/122.0.0.0'}
req = Request(f"https://www.readnovel.com{link}",headers=headers)
# 发出请求，获取html
# 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串
html = urlopen(req)
html_text = bytes.decode(html.read())
soup = bf(html_text, 'html.parser')
name = soup.find('h1',class_='j_chapterName')
chapter = {
'name':name.get_text()
}
print(name.get_text())
ywskythunderfont = soup.find('div', class_='ywskythunderfont')
if ywskythunderfont:
p_tags = ywskythunderfont.find_all('p')
chapter['text'] = p_tags.get_text()
print(chapter)小说下载
当我们完成内容解析后，已经成功获取了小说的章节内容，接下来只需执行下载操作即可。对于下载操作的具体步骤，如果有遗忘的情况，我来帮忙大家进行回顾一下。
file_name = 'a.txt'
with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
file.write('尝试下载')
print(f'文件 {file_name} 下载完成！')包装一下
按照老规矩，以下是源代码示例。即使你懒得编写代码，也可以直接复制粘贴运行一下，然后自行琢磨其中的细节。这样能够更好地理解代码的运行逻辑和实现方式。
# 导入urllib库的urlopen函数from urllib.request import urlopen,Request# 导入BeautifulSoupfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bffrom random import choice,samplefrom colorama import initfrom termcolor import coloredfrom readchar importreadkeyFGS = ['green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'cyan', 'magenta', 'red']book_list = []free_trial_link = []headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/122.0.0.0'}def get_hot_book(): print(colored('开始搜索书单！',choice(FGS))) book_list.clear() req = Request("https://www.readnovel.com/",headers=headers) # 发出请求，获取html # 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串 html = urlopen(req) html_text = bytes.decode(html.read()) soup = bf(html_text,'html.parser') for li in soup.select('#new-book-list li'): a_tag = li.select_one('a') p_tag = li.select_one('p') book = { 'href': a_tag['href'], 'title': a_tag.get('title'), 'content': p_tag.get_text() } book_list.append(book)def get_book_detail(link): global free_trial_link free_trial_link.clear() req = Request(f"https://www.readnovel.com{link}#Catalog",headers=headers) # 发出请求，获取html # 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串 html = urlopen(req) html_text = bytes.decode(html.read()) soup = bf(html_text,'html.parser') og_title = soup.find('meta', property='og:title')['content'] og_description = soup.find('meta', property='og:description')['content'] og_novel_author = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:author')['content'] og_novel_update_time = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:update_time')['content'] og_novel_status = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:status')['content'] og_novel_latest_chapter_name = soup.find('meta', property='og:novel:latest_chapter_name')['content'] # 查找内容为"免费试读"的a标签 div_tag = soup.find('div', id='j-catalogWrap') list_items = div_tag.find_all('li', attrs={'data-rid': True}) for li in list_items: link_text = li.find('a').text if '第' in link_text: link_url = li.find('a')['href'] link_obj = {'link_text':link_text, 'link_url':link_url} free_trial_link.append(link_obj) print(colored(f"书名:{og_title}",choice(FGS))) print(colored(f"简介:{og_description}",choice(FGS))) print(colored(f"作者:{og_novel_author}",choice(FGS))) print(colored(f"最近更新:{og_novel_update_time}",choice(FGS))) print(colored(f"当前状态:{og_novel_status}",choice(FGS))) print(colored(f"最近章节:{og_novel_latest_chapter_name}",choice(FGS)))def free_trial(link): req = Request(f"https://www.readnovel.com{link}",headers=headers) # 发出请求，获取html # 获取的html内容是字节，将其转化为字符串 html = urlopen(req) html_text = bytes.decode(html.read()) soup = bf(html_text, 'html.parser') name = soup.find('h1',class_='j_chapterName') chapter = { 'name':name.get_text() } print(colored(name.get_text(),choice(FGS))) ywskythunderfont = soup.find('div', class_='ywskythunderfont') if ywskythunderfont: p_tags = ywskythunderfont.find_all('p') chapter['text'] = p_tags.get_text() return chapterdef download_chapter(chapter): file_name = chapter['name'] + '.txt' with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file: file.write(chapter['text'].replace('\u3000\u3000', '\n')) print(colored(f'文件 {file_name} 下载完成！',choice(FGS)))def print_book(): for i in range(0, len(book_list), 3): names = ["title"]}' for j in range(3) if i + j < len(book_list)] print(colored('\t\t'.join(names),choice(FGS)))def read_book(page): if not free_trial_link: print(colored('未选择书单，无法阅读！',choice(FGS))) print(colored(free_trial(free_trial_link['link_url'])['text'],choice(FGS)))get_hot_book()init() ## 命令行输出彩色文字print(colored('已搜索完毕！',choice(FGS)))print(colored('m:返回首页',choice(FGS)))print(colored('d:免费试读',choice(FGS)))print(colored('x:全部下载',choice(FGS)))print(colored('n:下一章节',choice(FGS)))print(colored('b:上一章节',choice(FGS)))print(colored('q:退出阅读',choice(FGS)))my_key = ['q','m','d','x','n','b']current = 0while True: while True: move = readkey() if move in my_key: break if move == 'q': ## 键盘‘Q’是退出 break if move == 'd': read_book(current) if move == 'x':## 这里只是演示为主，不循环下载所有数据了 download_chapter(free_trial(free_trial_link['link_url'])) if move == 'b': current = current - 1 if current < 0 : current = 0 read_book(current) if move == 'n': current = current + 1 if current > len(free_trial_link) : current = len(free_trial_link) - 1 read_book(current) if move == 'm': print_book() current = 0 num = int(input('请输入书单编号：=====>')) if num
页:
[1]