C# 使用特性的方式封装报文
在编写上位机软件时,需要经常处理命令拼接与其他设备进行通信,通常对不同的命令封装成不同的方法,扩展稍许麻烦。本次拟以特性方式实现,以兼顾维护性与扩展性。
思想:
一种命令对应一个类,其类中的各个属性对应各个命令段,通过特性的方式,实现其在这包数据命令中的位置、大端或小端及其转换为对应的目标类型;
然后通过反射对其进行拼包,从而得到一包完整数据。
场景:
将一个轴移动到对应的X,Y,Z位置,为了演示,对其共用一个速度
这个移动到指定位置的命令假设按以下顺序构成(为了展示,草率的命令结构):
序号123456789字节2s32u16u16u32s32s32s322说明包头步骤号(ID)功能码轴速度X位置Y位置Z位置包尾
实现:
创建特性 CmdPropertyAttribute
1
2 internal class CmdPropertyAttribute : Attribute
3 {
4 public Type? TargetType { get; set; }
5
6 public int Number { get; set; }
7
8 public bool IsReverse { get; set; }
9
10 public CmdPropertyAttribute(int number)
11 {
12 Number = number;
13 }
14
15 public CmdPropertyAttribute(int number, Type targetType)
16 {
17 Number = number;
18 TargetType = targetType;
19 }
20
21 public CmdPropertyAttribute(int number, bool isReverse)
22 {
23 Number = number;
24 IsReverse = isReverse;
25 }
26
27 public CmdPropertyAttribute(int number, Type targetType, bool isReverse)
28 {
29 Number = number;
30 IsReverse = isReverse;
31 TargetType = targetType;
32 }
33 }参数类,每一种命令对应一个参数类,它们继承于参数基类
创建参数基类 ParamBase ,每种数据都是步骤号处于第一位,特把其放入到基类中
1 public class ParamBase
2 {
3
4 public int StepNum { get; set; }
5 }创建轴枚举 Axis
1 public enum Axis : ushort
2 {
3 Axis_1 = 1,
4
5 Axis_2 = 2,
6 }创建功能码枚举 FunctionCode
1 public enum FunctionCode
2 {
3 Move = 1
4 }创建移动类 MoveParam ,为了更好展示高低位转换,特对Speed属性进行反转
1 public class MoveParam : ParamBase
2 {
3
4 public FunctionCode Function { get; init; }
5
6
7 public Axis Axis { get; set; }
8
9
10 public uint Speed { get; set; }
11
12
13 public int XPoint { get; set; }
14
15
16 public int YPoint { get; set; }
17
18
19 public int ZPoint { get; set; }
20
21 public MoveParam()
22 {
23 Function = FunctionCode.Move;
24 }
25
26 public MoveParam(int stepNum, Axis axis, uint speed, int xPoint, int yPoint, int zPoint)
27 {
28 Function = FunctionCode.Move;
29 StepNum = stepNum;
30 Axis = axis;
31 Speed = speed;
32 XPoint = xPoint;
33 YPoint = yPoint;
34 ZPoint = zPoint;
35 }
36 }对参数对象进行反射解析,生成对应的数据命令集合
创建扩展类 ParamBaseExtensions
1 public static class ParamBaseExtensions
2 {
3 public static byte[] ToCmd(this ParamBase param)
4 {
5 var properties = param.GetType().GetProperties()
6 .Where(x => x.IsDefined(typeof(CmdPropertyAttribute), false))
7 .OrderBy(x => ((CmdPropertyAttribute)x.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(CmdPropertyAttribute))).Number);
8
9 List<byte> result = new();
10
11 foreach (var item in properties)
12 {
13 var cmdAttribute = item.GetCustomAttribute(typeof(CmdPropertyAttribute)) as CmdPropertyAttribute;
14
15 var value = item.GetValue(param);
16
17 if (cmdAttribute.TargetType is not null)
18 {
19 value = Convert.ChangeType(value, cmdAttribute.TargetType);
20 }
21
22 var propertyBytes = value.ToBytes();
23
24 if (cmdAttribute.IsReverse)
25 propertyBytes = propertyBytes.Reverse().ToArray();
26
27 result.AddRange(propertyBytes);
28 }
29
30 return result.ToArray();
31 }
32
33
34 private static byte[] ToBytes(this object obj)
35 {
36 return obj switch
37 {
38 short s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
39 ushort s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
40 int s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
41 uint s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
42 float s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
43 double s => BitConverter.GetBytes(s),
44 byte s => ,
45 _ => throw new NotImplementedException(),
46 };
47 }
48 }将数据命令与包头,包尾拼接,从而组合成一包完整数据
创建类 CmdHelper
1 public class CmdHelper
2 {
3 private byte[] GetHeads()
4 {
5 return ;
6 }
7
8
9 private byte[] GetTails()
10 {
11 return ;
12 }
13
14 public byte[] BuilderCmd(ParamBase param)
15 {
16 return
17 [
18 .. GetHeads(),
19 .. param.ToCmd(),
20 .. GetTails(),
21 ];
22 }
23 }调用:
1 var cmdHelper = new CmdHelper();
2 var param = new MoveParam()
3 {
4 XPoint = 14,
5 YPoint = 14,
6 ZPoint = 14,
7 Axis = Enums.Axis.Axis_1,
8 Speed = 20,
9 StepNum = 1
10 };
11 var byteArr = cmdHelper.BuilderCmd(param);
12
13 foreach (var item in byteArr)
14 {
15 Console.Write(item.ToString("X2") + " ");
16 }最后的打印结果为:
0B 0F 00 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 14 0E 00 00 00 0E 00 00 00 0E 00 00 00 0C 0A如果后续在写其他命令,只需继承于 ParamBase 类,在对应的属性上使用 CmdProperty 特性即可
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/fengxinyuan/p/18363546
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