GreatSQL 在SQL中使用 HINT 语法修改会话变量
GreatSQL 在SQL中使用 HINT 语法修改会话变量在 GreatSQL 支持一种新的优化Hint,名字叫SET_VAR,这个特性支持用户在查询语句里修改 GreatSQL 数据库的一些会话变量,当然修改只是对当前查询会话生效,不会影响到其他会话。
SET_VAR语法
SET_VAR这个hint用于临时设置系统变量的会话值(在单个语句的持续时间内有效)
SET_VAR的用法: SET_VAR(var_name=value)
var_name是被临时修改的会话变量名,value是会话变量的取值
greatsql> SELECT @@unique_checks;SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(unique_checks=OFF) */ @@unique_checks;SELECT @@unique_checks;
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(sort_buffer_size = 16M) */ name FROM people ORDER BY name;
INSERT /*+ SET_VAR(foreign_key_checks=OFF) */ INTO t2 VALUES(2);
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(optimizer_switch = 'mrr_cost_based=off') */ 1;GreatSQL 8.0 之前的操作方法
在GreatSQL 8.0 之前要对一个查询进行会话变量修改,需要怎么操作:
1.查询之前的系统变量
greatsql> SELECT @@optimizer_switch;2.备份系统变量
greatsql> SET @old_optimizer_switch = @@optimizer_switch;3.设置新的变量
greatsql> SET optimizer_switch='index_merge=off';4.运行查询语句
greatsql> SELECT empno,ename,deptno from emp limit 1;5.恢复之前的系统变量
greatsql> SET optimizer_switch = @old_optimizer_switch;是不是有点繁琐,现在我们使用SET_VAR这个新特性,很方便的就可以做这个操作了。
GreatSQL 8.0的操作方法
greatsql>explain SELECTempno,ename,deptno FROM emp WHEREdeptno=10 or ename='CLARK';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref| rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------------------+
|1 | SIMPLE | emp | NULL | index_merge | deptno,idx_ename | deptno,idx_ename | 5,63 | NULL | 4 | 100.00 | Using union(deptno,idx_ename); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)从执行计划上看,SQL语句使用了索引合并(type=index_merge),如果不想该sql使用索引合并,则可以通过SET_VAR进行控制。
greatsql>explain SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(optimizer_switch='index_merge=off') */empno,ename,deptno FROM emp WHERE deptno=10 or ename='CLARK';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key| key_len | ref| rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|1 | SIMPLE | emp | NULL | ALL| deptno,idx_ename | NULL | NULL | NULL | 14 | 38.10 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec这个新特性是不是很方便呢,之前由于优化器的某些设置,少量sql语句选择了错误的执行计划,导致查询语句性能低下,又不能随意更改线上数据库的变量,有了SET_VAR这个新特性,对于这种情况,可以考虑在查询语句中使用set_var优化这条语句。
我们知道,使用hash jion时,会使用到join buffer,join buffer的大小由join_buffer_size控制,其默认值为256k,哈希连接不能使用超过此数量的内存。当哈希连接所需的内存超过可用量时,GreatSQL将使用磁盘上的文件来处理此问题,使用到了磁盘文件,性能会下降,如果只想针对单条语句设置join buffer就可以使用SET_VAR。
CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT, c2 INT);
CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 INT, c2 INT);
CREATE TABLE t3 (c1 INT, c2 INT);分别对t1,t2,t3 插入100万,200万,300万数据
greatsql> SET @@cte_max_recursion_depth = 99999999;
greatsql> INSERT INTO t1
WITH recursive t AS (
SELECT 1 AS c1,1 AS c2
UNION ALL
SELECT t.c1+1,t.c1*2
FROM t
WHERE t.c1 <1000000
)
SELECT * FROM t;
Query OK, 1000000 rows affected (10.63 sec)
Records: 1000000Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0
greatsql> SELECT @@join_buffer_size;
+--------------------+
| @@join_buffer_size |
+--------------------+
| 262144 |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
greatsql> SELECT * FROM t1
JOIN t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c2 < t2.c2)
JOIN t3 ON (t2.c1 = t3.c1);
Empty set (6.91 sec)
greatsql> SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(join_buffer_size=16777216) */ * FROM t1
JOIN t2 ON (t1.c1 = t2.c1 AND t1.c2 < t2.c2)
JOIN t3 ON (t2.c1 = t3.c1);
Empty set (5.87 sec)注意事项
1、并非所有会话变量都允许与SET_VAR一起使用。如果设置不支持用SET_VAR更改的系统变量,则会出现警告。
greatsql> SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(collation_server = 'utf8mb4') */ 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
greatsql> SHOW WARNINGS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Level: Warning
Code: 3637
Message: Variable 'collation_server' cannot be set using SET_VAR hint.
1 row in set (0.00 sec)2、SET_VAR语法只允许设置单个变量,但可以给出多个提示来设置多个变量:
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(optimizer_switch = 'mrr_cost_based=off')
SET_VAR(max_heap_table_size = 1G) */ 1;3、如果没有这个系统变量或变量值不正确,则忽略SET_VAR提示并发出警告
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(max_size = 1G) */ 1;
SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(optimizer_switch = 'mrr_cost_based=yes') */ 1;第1条语句没有 max_size 这个变量,语句2 的mrr_cost_based= on或者off, 企图将其设置为 yes是错误的,这两个语句的 hint 都会被忽略,并产生一个warning。
greatsql> SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(max_size = 1G) */ 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
greatsql> show warnings;
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 3128 | Unresolved name 'max_size' for SET_VAR hint |
+---------+------+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
greatsql> SELECT /*+ SET_VAR(optimizer_switch = 'mrr_cost_based=yes') */ 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
greatsql> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1231 | Variable 'optimizer_switch' can't be set to the value of 'mrr_cost_based=yes' |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)4、SET_VAR提示只允许在语句级别使用。如果在子查询中使用,则会被忽略并给出警告。
复制会忽略复制语句中的SET_VAR,以避免潜在的安全问题。
SET_VAR支持的变量
SET_VAR只是对部分变量可以用的,整理了GreatSQL主要支持的变量供参考:
[*]bulk_insert_buffer_size
[*]default_table_encryption
[*]default_tmp_storage_engine
[*]div_precision_increment
[*]end_markers_in_json
[*]eq_range_index_dive_limit
[*]foreign_key_checks
[*]group_concat_max_len
[*]internal_tmp_mem_storage_engine
[*]join_buffer_size
[*]lock_wait_timeout
[*]max_error_count
[*]max_execution_time
[*]max_heap_table_size
[*]max_join_size
[*]max_length_for_sort_data
[*]max_points_in_geometry
[*]max_seeks_for_key
[*]max_sort_length
[*]optimizer_prune_level
[*]optimizer_search_depth
[*]optimizer_switch
[*]optimizer_trace_max_mem_size
[*]range_alloc_block_size
[*]read_buffer_size
[*]read_rnd_buffer_size
[*]secondary_engine_cost_threshold
[*]select_into_buffer_size
[*]select_into_disk_sync
[*]select_into_disk_sync_delay
[*]show_create_table_skip_secondary_engine
[*]sort_buffer_size
[*]sql_auto_is_null
[*]sql_big_selects
[*]sql_buffer_result
[*]sql_mode
[*]sql_require_primary_key
[*]sql_safe_updates
[*]sql_select_limit
[*]time_zone (≥ 8.0.17)
[*]timestamp
[*]tmp_table_size
[*]unique_checks
[*]updatable_views_with_limit
[*]use_secondary_engine
[*]windowing_use_high_precision
参考文档
[*]https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html#optimizer-hints-set-var
[*]https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html
[*]https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/hash-joins.html
Enjoy GreatSQL
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/greatsql/p/18469374
免责声明:由于采集信息均来自互联网,如果侵犯了您的权益,请联系我们【E-Mail:cb@itdo.tech】 我们会及时删除侵权内容,谢谢合作!
页:
[1]