WPF学习笔记07-简析依赖属性
接下来我们对依赖属性进行一个简单的剖析，从以下几个方面入手吧。1 - 为什么是public static
首先说下为什么是public
答：WPF有一种特殊属性，叫附加属性，需要直接访问xxxxProperty的方法才能实现，所以xxxxProperty是public 的。
其次为什么是静态static
答：和依赖属性的实现有关，也就是说，一个类，不管同一个依赖属性有多少个实例，均对应同一个DependencyProperty 。比如你创建100个Control ，每个Control 都有一个FontSize属性，但这100个FontSize均对应同一个FontSizeProperty实例
2 - DependencyProperty具体什么时候用？
比如你创建用户控件，然后呢，你需要传递到其中一些值，你怎么去处理，按照传统的方式你阔以去试试看看能否完成！所以这时候就提现出来了依赖属性的重要性
平常使用WPF已经封装好的那些的话更多时候是你拿来直接用的。
3 - DependencyProperty实现原理是什么？
实现原理的话要是解释的话很复杂。不如直接贴上源代码，自己分析去吧，哈哈
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
<p>using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Markup;// For ValueSerializerAttribute
using System.Windows.Threading; // For DispatcherObject
using MS.Utility;
using MS.Internal.WindowsBase;
using System.Reflection; // for IsInstanceOfType
using MS.Internal;</p>
<h1 id="pragma-warning-disable-1634-1691---suppressing-presharp-warnings">pragma warning disable 1634, 1691// suppressing PreSharp warnings</h1>
<p>namespace System.Windows
{
/// <summary>
/// An attached dependency-based property
/// </summary>
public sealed class DependencyProperty
{
/// <summary>
/// Register a Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty Register(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType)
{
// Forwarding
return Register(name, propertyType, ownerType, null, null);
}</p>
/// <summary>
/// Register a Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <param name="typeMetadata">Metadata to use if current type doesn't specify type-specific metadata</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty Register(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata typeMetadata)
{
// Forwarding
return Register(name, propertyType, ownerType, typeMetadata, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Register a Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <param name="typeMetadata">Metadata to use if current type doesn't specify type-specific metadata</param>
/// <param name="validateValueCallback">Provides additional value validation outside automatic type validation</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty Register(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata typeMetadata, ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback)
{
RegisterParameterValidation(name, propertyType, ownerType);
// Register an attached property
PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata = null;
if (typeMetadata != null && typeMetadata.DefaultValueWasSet())
{
defaultMetadata = new PropertyMetadata(typeMetadata.DefaultValue);
}
DependencyProperty property = RegisterCommon(name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, validateValueCallback);
if (typeMetadata != null)
{
// Apply type-specific metadata to owner type only
property.OverrideMetadata(ownerType, typeMetadata);
}
return property;
}
/// <summary>
///Simple registration, metadata, validation, and a read-only property
/// key.Calling this version restricts the property such that it can
/// only be set via the corresponding overload of DependencyObject.SetValue.
/// </summary>
public static DependencyPropertyKey RegisterReadOnly(
string name,
Type propertyType,
Type ownerType,
PropertyMetadata typeMetadata )
{
return RegisterReadOnly( name, propertyType, ownerType, typeMetadata, null );
}
/// <summary>
///Simple registration, metadata, validation, and a read-only property
/// key.Calling this version restricts the property such that it can
/// only be set via the corresponding overload of DependencyObject.SetValue.
/// </summary>
public static DependencyPropertyKey RegisterReadOnly(
string name,
Type propertyType,
Type ownerType,
PropertyMetadata typeMetadata,
ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback )
{
RegisterParameterValidation(name, propertyType, ownerType);
PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata = null;
if (typeMetadata != null && typeMetadata.DefaultValueWasSet())
{
defaultMetadata = new PropertyMetadata(typeMetadata.DefaultValue);
}
else
{
defaultMetadata = AutoGeneratePropertyMetadata(propertyType,validateValueCallback,name,ownerType);
}
//We create a DependencyPropertyKey at this point with a null property
// and set that in the _readOnlyKey field.This is so the property is
// marked as requiring a key immediately.If something fails in the
// initialization path, the property is still marked as needing a key.
//This is better than the alternative of creating and setting the key
// later, because if that code fails the read-only property would not
// be marked read-only.The intent of this mildly convoluted code
// is so we fail securely.
DependencyPropertyKey authorizationKey = new DependencyPropertyKey(null); // No property yet, use null as placeholder.
DependencyProperty property = RegisterCommon(name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, validateValueCallback);
property._readOnlyKey = authorizationKey;
authorizationKey.SetDependencyProperty(property);
if (typeMetadata == null )
{
// No metadata specified, generate one so we can specify the authorized key.
typeMetadata = AutoGeneratePropertyMetadata(propertyType,validateValueCallback,name,ownerType);
}
// Authorize registering type for read-only access, create key.
#pragma warning suppress 6506 // typeMetadata is never null, since we generate default metadata if none is provided.
// Apply type-specific metadata to owner type only
property.OverrideMetadata(ownerType, typeMetadata, authorizationKey);
return authorizationKey;
}
/// <summary>
///Simple registration, metadata, validation, and a read-only property
/// key.Calling this version restricts the property such that it can
/// only be set via the corresponding overload of DependencyObject.SetValue.
/// </summary>
public static DependencyPropertyKey RegisterAttachedReadOnly(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata)
{
return RegisterAttachedReadOnly( name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, null );
}
/// <summary>
///Simple registration, metadata, validation, and a read-only property
/// key.Calling this version restricts the property such that it can
/// only be set via the corresponding overload of DependencyObject.SetValue.
/// </summary>
public static DependencyPropertyKey RegisterAttachedReadOnly(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata, ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback)
{
RegisterParameterValidation(name, propertyType, ownerType);
// Establish default metadata for all types, if none is provided
if (defaultMetadata == null)
{
defaultMetadata = AutoGeneratePropertyMetadata( propertyType, validateValueCallback, name, ownerType );
}
//We create a DependencyPropertyKey at this point with a null property
// and set that in the _readOnlyKey field.This is so the property is
// marked as requiring a key immediately.If something fails in the
// initialization path, the property is still marked as needing a key.
//This is better than the alternative of creating and setting the key
// later, because if that code fails the read-only property would not
// be marked read-only.The intent of this mildly convoluted code
// is so we fail securely.
DependencyPropertyKey authorizedKey = new DependencyPropertyKey(null);
DependencyProperty property = RegisterCommon( name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, validateValueCallback);
property._readOnlyKey = authorizedKey;
authorizedKey.SetDependencyProperty(property);
return authorizedKey;
}
/// <summary>
/// Register an attached Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty RegisterAttached(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType)
{
// Forwarding
return RegisterAttached(name, propertyType, ownerType, null, null );
}
/// <summary>
/// Register an attached Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <param name="defaultMetadata">Metadata to use if current type doesn't specify type-specific metadata</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty RegisterAttached(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata)
{
// Forwarding
return RegisterAttached(name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, null );
}
/// <summary>
/// Register an attached Dependency Property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name">Name of property</param>
/// <param name="propertyType">Type of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Type that is registering the property</param>
/// <param name="defaultMetadata">Metadata to use if current type doesn't specify type-specific metadata</param>
/// <param name="validateValueCallback">Provides additional value validation outside automatic type validation</param>
/// <returns>Dependency Property</returns>
public static DependencyProperty RegisterAttached(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata, ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback)
{
RegisterParameterValidation(name, propertyType, ownerType);
return RegisterCommon( name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, validateValueCallback );
}
private static void RegisterParameterValidation(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType)
{
if (name == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
}
if (name.Length == 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.StringEmpty, "name");
}
if (ownerType == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("ownerType");
}
if (propertyType == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("propertyType");
}
}
private static DependencyProperty RegisterCommon(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata, ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback)
{
FromNameKey key = new FromNameKey(name, ownerType);
lock (Synchronized)
{
if (PropertyFromName.Contains(key))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.PropertyAlreadyRegistered, name, ownerType.Name));
}
}
// Establish default metadata for all types, if none is provided
if (defaultMetadata == null)
{
defaultMetadata = AutoGeneratePropertyMetadata( propertyType, validateValueCallback, name, ownerType );
}
else // Metadata object is provided.
{
// If the defaultValue wasn't specified auto generate one
if (!defaultMetadata.DefaultValueWasSet())
{
defaultMetadata.DefaultValue = AutoGenerateDefaultValue(propertyType);
}
ValidateMetadataDefaultValue( defaultMetadata, propertyType, name, validateValueCallback );
}
// Create property
DependencyProperty dp = new DependencyProperty(name, propertyType, ownerType, defaultMetadata, validateValueCallback);
// Seal (null means being used for default metadata, calls OnApply)
defaultMetadata.Seal(dp, null);
if (defaultMetadata.IsInherited)
{
dp._packedData |= Flags.IsPotentiallyInherited;
}
if (defaultMetadata.UsingDefaultValueFactory)
{
dp._packedData |= Flags.IsPotentiallyUsingDefaultValueFactory;
}
// Map owner type to this property
// Build key
lock (Synchronized)
{
PropertyFromName = dp;
}
if( TraceDependencyProperty.IsEnabled )
{
TraceDependencyProperty.TraceActivityItem(
TraceDependencyProperty.Register,
dp,
dp.OwnerType );
}
return dp;
}
private static object AutoGenerateDefaultValue(
Type propertyType)
{
// Default per-type metadata not provided, create
object defaultValue = null;
// Auto-assigned default value
if (propertyType.IsValueType)
{
// Value-types have default-constructed type default values
defaultValue = Activator.CreateInstance(propertyType);
}
return defaultValue;
}
private static PropertyMetadata AutoGeneratePropertyMetadata(
Type propertyType,
ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback,
string name,
Type ownerType)
{
// Default per-type metadata not provided, create
object defaultValue = AutoGenerateDefaultValue(propertyType);
// If a validator is passed in, see if the default value makes sense.
if ( validateValueCallback != null &&
!validateValueCallback(defaultValue))
{
// Didn't work - require the caller to specify one.
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.DefaultValueAutoAssignFailed, name, ownerType.Name));
}
return new PropertyMetadata(defaultValue);
}
// Validate the default value in the given metadata
private static void ValidateMetadataDefaultValue(
PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata,
Type propertyType,
string propertyName,
ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback )
{
// If we are registered to use the DefaultValue factory we can
// not validate the DefaultValue at registration time, so we
// early exit.
if (defaultMetadata.UsingDefaultValueFactory)
{
return;
}
ValidateDefaultValueCommon(defaultMetadata.DefaultValue, propertyType,
propertyName, validateValueCallback, /*checkThreadAffinity = */ true);
}
// Validate the given default value, used by PropertyMetadata.GetDefaultValue()
// when the DefaultValue factory is used.
// These default values are allowed to have thread-affinity.
internal void ValidateFactoryDefaultValue(object defaultValue)
{
ValidateDefaultValueCommon(defaultValue, PropertyType, Name, ValidateValueCallback, false);
}
private static void ValidateDefaultValueCommon(
object defaultValue,
Type propertyType,
string propertyName,
ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback,
bool checkThreadAffinity)
{
// Ensure default value is the correct type
if (!IsValidType(defaultValue, propertyType))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.DefaultValuePropertyTypeMismatch, propertyName));
}
// An Expression used as default value won't behave as expected since
//it doesn't get evaluated.We explicitly fail it here.
if (defaultValue is Expression )
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.DefaultValueMayNotBeExpression);
}
if (checkThreadAffinity)
{
// If the default value is a DispatcherObject with thread affinity
// we cannot accept it as a default value. If it implements ISealable
// we attempt to seal it; if not we throwan exception. Types not
// deriving from DispatcherObject are allowed - it is up to the user to
// make any custom types free-threaded.
DispatcherObject dispatcherObject = defaultValue as DispatcherObject;
if (dispatcherObject != null && dispatcherObject.Dispatcher != null)
{
// Try to make the DispatcherObject free-threaded if it's an
// ISealable.
ISealable valueAsISealable = dispatcherObject as ISealable;
if (valueAsISealable != null && valueAsISealable.CanSeal)
{
Invariant.Assert (!valueAsISealable.IsSealed,
"A Sealed ISealable must not have dispatcher affinity");
valueAsISealable.Seal();
Invariant.Assert(dispatcherObject.Dispatcher == null,
"ISealable.Seal() failed after ISealable.CanSeal returned true");
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.DefaultValueMustBeFreeThreaded, propertyName));
}
}
}
// After checking for correct type, check default value against
//validator (when one is given)
if ( validateValueCallback != null &&
!validateValueCallback(defaultValue))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.DefaultValueInvalid, propertyName));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Parameter validation for OverrideMetadata, includes code to force
/// all base classes of "forType" to register their metadata so we know
/// what we are overriding.
/// </summary>
private void SetupOverrideMetadata(
Type forType,
PropertyMetadata typeMetadata,
out DependencyObjectType dType,
out PropertyMetadata baseMetadata )
{
if (forType == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("forType");
}
if (typeMetadata == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("typeMetadata");
}
if (typeMetadata.Sealed)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.TypeMetadataAlreadyInUse);
}
if (!typeof(DependencyObject).IsAssignableFrom(forType))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.TypeMustBeDependencyObjectDerived, forType.Name));
}
// Ensure default value is a correct value (if it was supplied,
// otherwise, the default value will be taken from the base metadata
// which was already validated)
if (typeMetadata.IsDefaultValueModified)
{
// Will throw ArgumentException if fails.
ValidateMetadataDefaultValue( typeMetadata, PropertyType, Name, ValidateValueCallback );
}
// Force all base classes to register their metadata
dType = DependencyObjectType.FromSystemType(forType);
// Get metadata for the base type
baseMetadata = GetMetadata(dType.BaseType);
// Make sure overriding metadata is the same type or derived type of
// the base metadata
if (!baseMetadata.GetType().IsAssignableFrom(typeMetadata.GetType()))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.OverridingMetadataDoesNotMatchBaseMetadataType);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Supply metadata for given type & run static constructors if needed.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The supplied metadata will be merged with the type's base
/// metadata
/// </remarks>
public void OverrideMetadata(Type forType, PropertyMetadata typeMetadata)
{
DependencyObjectType dType;
PropertyMetadata baseMetadata;
SetupOverrideMetadata(forType, typeMetadata, out dType, out baseMetadata);
if (ReadOnly)
{
// Readonly and no DependencyPropertyKey - not allowed.
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Format(SR.ReadOnlyOverrideNotAllowed, Name));
}
ProcessOverrideMetadata(forType, typeMetadata, dType, baseMetadata);
}
/// <summary>
/// Supply metadata for a given type, overriding a property that is
/// read-only.If property is not read only, tells user to use the Plain
/// Jane OverrideMetadata instead.
/// </summary>
public void OverrideMetadata(Type forType, PropertyMetadata typeMetadata, DependencyPropertyKey key)
{
DependencyObjectType dType;
PropertyMetadata baseMetadata;
SetupOverrideMetadata(forType, typeMetadata, out dType, out baseMetadata);
if (key == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("key");
}
if (ReadOnly)
{
// If the property is read-only, the key must match this property
//and the key must match that in the base metadata.
if (key.DependencyProperty != this)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.ReadOnlyOverrideKeyNotAuthorized, Name));
}
VerifyReadOnlyKey(key);
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.PropertyNotReadOnly);
}
// Either the property doesn't require a key, or the key match was
//successful.Proceed with the metadata override.
ProcessOverrideMetadata(forType, typeMetadata, dType, baseMetadata);
}
/// <summary>
/// After parameters have been validated for OverrideMetadata, this
/// method is called to actually update the data structures.
/// </summary>
private void ProcessOverrideMetadata(
Type forType,
PropertyMetadata typeMetadata,
DependencyObjectType dType,
PropertyMetadata baseMetadata)
{
// Store per-Type metadata for this property. Locks only on Write.
// Datastructure guaranteed to be valid for non-locking readers
lock (Synchronized)
{
if (DependencyProperty.UnsetValue == _metadataMap)
{
_metadataMap = typeMetadata;
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.TypeMetadataAlreadyRegistered, forType.Name));
}
}
// Merge base's metadata into this metadata
// CALLBACK
typeMetadata.InvokeMerge(baseMetadata, this);
// Type metadata may no longer change (calls OnApply)
typeMetadata.Seal(this, forType);
if (typeMetadata.IsInherited)
{
_packedData |= Flags.IsPotentiallyInherited;
}
if (typeMetadata.DefaultValueWasSet() && (typeMetadata.DefaultValue != DefaultMetadata.DefaultValue))
{
_packedData |= Flags.IsDefaultValueChanged;
}
if (typeMetadata.UsingDefaultValueFactory)
{
_packedData |= Flags.IsPotentiallyUsingDefaultValueFactory;
}
}
// Built into Base, also used by Core & Framework.
internal object GetDefaultValue(DependencyObjectType dependencyObjectType)
{
if (!IsDefaultValueChanged)
{
return DefaultMetadata.DefaultValue;
}
return GetMetadata(dependencyObjectType).DefaultValue;
}
// Built into Base, also used by Core & Framework.
internal object GetDefaultValue(Type forType)
{
if (!IsDefaultValueChanged)
{
return DefaultMetadata.DefaultValue;
}
return GetMetadata(DependencyObjectType.FromSystemTypeInternal(forType)).DefaultValue;
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve metadata for a provided type
/// </summary>
/// <param name="forType">Type to get metadata</param>
/// <returns>Property metadata</returns>
public PropertyMetadata GetMetadata(Type forType)
{
if (forType != null)
{
return GetMetadata(DependencyObjectType.FromSystemType(forType));
}
throw new ArgumentNullException("forType");
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve metadata for a provided DependencyObject
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dependencyObject">DependencyObject to get metadata</param>
/// <returns>Property metadata</returns>
public PropertyMetadata GetMetadata(DependencyObject dependencyObject)
{
if (dependencyObject != null)
{
return GetMetadata(dependencyObject.DependencyObjectType);
}
throw new ArgumentNullException("dependencyObject");
}
/// <summary>
/// Reteive metadata for a DependencyObject type described by the
/// given DependencyObjectType
/// </summary>
public PropertyMetadata GetMetadata(DependencyObjectType dependencyObjectType)
{
// All static constructors for this DType and all base types have already
// been run. If no overriden metadata was provided, then look up base types.
// If no metadata found on base types, then return default
if (null != dependencyObjectType)
{
// Do we in fact have any overrides at all?
int index = _metadataMap.Count - 1;
int Id;
object value;
if (index < 0)
{
// No overrides or it's the base class
return _defaultMetadata;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
// Only 1 override
_metadataMap.GetKeyValuePair(index, out Id, out value);
// If there is overriden metadata, then there is a base class with
// lower or equal Id of this class, or this class is already a base class
// of the overridden one. Therefore dependencyObjectType won't ever
// become null before we exit the while loop
while (dependencyObjectType.Id > Id)
{
dependencyObjectType = dependencyObjectType.BaseType;
}
if (Id == dependencyObjectType.Id)
{
// Return the override
return (PropertyMetadata)value;
}
// Return default metadata
}
else
{
// We have more than 1 override for this class, so we will have to loop through
// both the overrides and the class Id
if (0 != dependencyObjectType.Id)
{
do
{
// Get the Id of the most derived class with overridden metadata
_metadataMap.GetKeyValuePair(index, out Id, out value);
--index;
// If the Id of this class is less than the override, then look for an override
// with an equal or lower Id until we run out of overrides
while ((dependencyObjectType.Id < Id) && (index >= 0))
{
_metadataMap.GetKeyValuePair(index, out Id, out value);
--index;
}
// If there is overriden metadata, then there is a base class with
// lower or equal Id of this class, or this class is already a base class
// of the overridden one. Therefore dependencyObjectType won't ever
// become null before we exit the while loop
while (dependencyObjectType.Id > Id)
{
dependencyObjectType = dependencyObjectType.BaseType;
}
if (Id == dependencyObjectType.Id)
{
// Return the override
return (PropertyMetadata)value;
}
}
while (index >= 0);
}
}
}
return _defaultMetadata;
}
/// <summary>
/// Associate another owner type with this property
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The owner type is used when resolving a property by name (<see cref="FromName"/>)
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="ownerType">Additional owner type</param>
/// <returns>This property</returns>
public DependencyProperty AddOwner(Type ownerType)
{
// Forwarding
return AddOwner(ownerType, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Associate another owner type with this property
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// The owner type is used when resolving a property by name (<see cref="FromName"/>)
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="ownerType">Additional owner type</param>
/// <param name="typeMetadata">Optional type metadata to override on owner's behalf</param>
/// <returns>This property</returns>
public DependencyProperty AddOwner(Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata typeMetadata)
{
if (ownerType == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("ownerType");
}
// Map owner type to this property
// Build key
FromNameKey key = new FromNameKey(Name, ownerType);
lock (Synchronized)
{
if (PropertyFromName.Contains(key))
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.PropertyAlreadyRegistered, Name, ownerType.Name));
}
}
if (typeMetadata != null)
{
OverrideMetadata(ownerType, typeMetadata);
}
lock (Synchronized)
{
PropertyFromName = this;
}
return this;
}
/// <summary>
/// Name of the property
/// </summary>
public string Name
{
get { return _name; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Type of the property
/// </summary>
public Type PropertyType
{
get { return _propertyType; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Owning type of the property
/// </summary>
public Type OwnerType
{
get { return _ownerType; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Default metadata for the property
/// </summary>
public PropertyMetadata DefaultMetadata
{
get { return _defaultMetadata; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Value validation callback
/// </summary>
public ValidateValueCallback ValidateValueCallback
{
get { return _validateValueCallback; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Zero-based globally unique index of the property
/// </summary>
public int GlobalIndex
{
get { return (int) (_packedData & Flags.GlobalIndexMask); }
}
internal bool IsObjectType
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsObjectType) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsValueType
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsValueType) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsFreezableType
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsFreezableType) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsStringType
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsStringType) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsPotentiallyInherited
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsPotentiallyInherited) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsDefaultValueChanged
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsDefaultValueChanged) != 0; }
}
internal bool IsPotentiallyUsingDefaultValueFactory
{
get { return (_packedData & Flags.IsPotentiallyUsingDefaultValueFactory) != 0; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Serves as a hash function for a particular type, suitable for use in
/// hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The DependencyProperty's GlobalIndex</returns>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return GlobalIndex;
}
/// <summary>
/// Used to determine if given value is appropriate for the type of the property
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Value to check</param>
/// <returns>true if value matches property type</returns>
public bool IsValidType(object value)
{
return IsValidType(value, PropertyType);
}
/// <summary>
/// Used to determine if given value is appropriate for the type of the property
/// and the range of values (as specified via the ValidateValueCallback) within that type
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Value to check</param>
/// <returns>true if value is appropriate</returns>
public bool IsValidValue(object value)
{
if (!IsValidType(value, PropertyType))
{
return false;
}
if (ValidateValueCallback != null)
{
// CALLBACK
return ValidateValueCallback(value);
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Set/Value value disabling
/// </summary>
public bool ReadOnly
{
get
{
return (_readOnlyKey != null);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the DependencyPropertyKey associated with this DP.
/// </summary>
internal DependencyPropertyKey DependencyPropertyKey
{
get
{
return _readOnlyKey;
}
}
internal void VerifyReadOnlyKey( DependencyPropertyKey candidateKey )
{
Debug.Assert( ReadOnly, "Why are we trying to validate read-only key on a property that is not read-only?");
if (_readOnlyKey != candidateKey)
{
throw new ArgumentException(SR.ReadOnlyKeyNotAuthorized);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Internal version of IsValidValue that bypasses IsValidType check;
/// Called from SetValueInternal
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Value to check</param>
/// <returns>true if value is appropriate</returns>
internal bool IsValidValueInternal(object value)
{
if (ValidateValueCallback != null)
{
// CALLBACK
return ValidateValueCallback(value);
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Find a property from name
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Search includes base classes of the provided type as well
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="name">Name of the property</param>
/// <param name="ownerType">Owner type of the property</param>
/// <returns>Dependency property</returns>
// Built into Base, also used by Framework.
internal static DependencyProperty FromName(string name, Type ownerType)
{
DependencyProperty dp = null;
if (name != null)
{
if (ownerType != null)
{
FromNameKey key = new FromNameKey(name, ownerType);
while ((dp == null) && (ownerType != null))
{
// Ensure static constructor of type has run
MS.Internal.WindowsBase.SecurityHelper.RunClassConstructor(ownerType);
// Locate property
key.UpdateNameKey(ownerType);
lock (Synchronized)
{
dp = (DependencyProperty)PropertyFromName;
}
ownerType = ownerType.BaseType;
}
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("ownerType");
}
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("name");
}
return dp;
}
/// <summary>
/// String representation
/// </summary>
public override string ToString()
{
return _name;
}
internal static bool IsValidType(object value, Type propertyType)
{
if (value == null)
{
// Null values are invalid for value-types
if (propertyType.IsValueType &&
!(propertyType.IsGenericType && propertyType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == NullableType))
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
// Non-null default value, ensure its the correct type
if (!propertyType.IsInstanceOfType(value))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private class FromNameKey
{
public FromNameKey(string name, Type ownerType)
{
_name = name;
_ownerType = ownerType;
_hashCode = _name.GetHashCode() ^ _ownerType.GetHashCode();
}
public void UpdateNameKey(Type ownerType)
{
_ownerType = ownerType;
_hashCode = _name.GetHashCode() ^ _ownerType.GetHashCode();
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return _hashCode;
}
public override bool Equals(object o)
{
if ((o != null) && (o is FromNameKey))
{
return Equals((FromNameKey)o);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public bool Equals(FromNameKey key)
{
return (_name.Equals(key._name) && (_ownerType == key._ownerType));
}
private string _name;
private Type _ownerType;
private int _hashCode;
}
private DependencyProperty(string name, Type propertyType, Type ownerType, PropertyMetadata defaultMetadata, ValidateValueCallback validateValueCallback)
{
_name = name;
_propertyType = propertyType;
_ownerType = ownerType;
_defaultMetadata = defaultMetadata;
_validateValueCallback = validateValueCallback;
Flags packedData;
lock (Synchronized)
{
packedData = (Flags) GetUniqueGlobalIndex(ownerType, name);
RegisteredPropertyList.Add(this);
}
if (propertyType.IsValueType)
{
packedData |= Flags.IsValueType;
}
if (propertyType == typeof(object))
{
packedData |= Flags.IsObjectType;
}
if (typeof(Freezable).IsAssignableFrom(propertyType))
{
packedData |= Flags.IsFreezableType;
}
if (propertyType == typeof(string))
{
packedData |= Flags.IsStringType;
}
_packedData = packedData;
}
// Synchronized: Covered by DependencyProperty.Synchronized
internal static int GetUniqueGlobalIndex(Type ownerType, string name)
{
// Prevent GlobalIndex from overflow. DependencyProperties are meant to be static members and are to be registered
// only via static constructors. However there is no cheap way of ensuring this, without having to do a stack walk. Hence
// concievably people could register DependencyProperties via instance methods and therefore cause the GlobalIndex to
// overflow. This check will explicitly catch this error, instead of silently malfuntioning.
if (GlobalIndexCount >= (int)Flags.GlobalIndexMask)
{
if (ownerType != null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Format(SR.TooManyDependencyProperties, ownerType.Name + "." + name));
}
else
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Format(SR.TooManyDependencyProperties, "ConstantProperty"));
}
}
// Covered by Synchronized by caller
return GlobalIndexCount++;
}
/// <summary>
/// This is the callback designers use to participate in the computation of property
/// values at design time. Eg. Even if the author sets Visibility to Hidden, the designer
/// wants to coerce the value to Visible at design time so that the element doesn't
/// disappear from the design surface.
/// </summary>
internal CoerceValueCallback DesignerCoerceValueCallback
{
get {return _designerCoerceValueCallback; }
set
{
if (ReadOnly)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Format(SR.ReadOnlyDesignerCoersionNotAllowed, Name));
}
_designerCoerceValueCallback = value;
}
}
/// <summary> Standard unset value </summary>
public static readonly object UnsetValue = new NamedObject("DependencyProperty.UnsetValue");
private string _name;
private Type _propertyType;
private Type _ownerType;
private PropertyMetadata _defaultMetadata;
private ValidateValueCallback _validateValueCallback;
private DependencyPropertyKey _readOnlyKey;
private enum Flags : int
{
GlobalIndexMask = 0x0000FFFF,
IsValueType = 0x00010000,
IsFreezableType = 0x00020000,
IsStringType = 0x00040000,
IsPotentiallyInherited = 0x00080000,
IsDefaultValueChanged = 0x00100000,
IsPotentiallyUsingDefaultValueFactory = 0x00200000,
IsObjectType = 0x00400000,
// 0xFF800000 free bits
}
private Flags _packedData;
// Synchronized (write locks, lock-free reads): Covered by DependencyProperty instance
// This is a map that contains the IDs of derived classes that have overriden metadata
/* property */ internal InsertionSortMap _metadataMap = new InsertionSortMap();
private CoerceValueCallback _designerCoerceValueCallback;
// Synchronized (write locks, lock-free reads): Covered by DependencyProperty.Synchronized
/* property */ internal static ItemStructList<DependencyProperty> RegisteredPropertyList = new ItemStructList<DependencyProperty>(768);
// Synchronized: Covered by DependencyProperty.Synchronized
private static Hashtable PropertyFromName = new Hashtable();
// Synchronized: Covered by DependencyProperty.Synchronized
private static int GlobalIndexCount;
// Global, cross-object synchronization
internal static object Synchronized = new object();
// Nullable Type
private static Type NullableType = typeof(Nullable<>);
/// <summary>
/// Returns the number of all registered properties.
/// </summary>
internal static int RegisteredPropertyCount {
get {
return RegisteredPropertyList.Count;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns an enumeration of properties that are
/// currently registered.
/// Synchronized (write locks, lock-free reads): Covered by DependencyProperty.Synchronized
/// </summary>
internal static IEnumerable RegisteredProperties {
get {
foreach(DependencyProperty dp in RegisteredPropertyList.List) {
if (dp != null) {
yield return dp;
}
}
}
}}
}
4 - 依赖属性的好处怎么提现？
WPF的设计理念是：数据驱动，UI与逻辑松耦合。我们从这个上边可以去研究一下。
public class Person
{
private string _Name;
public string Name
{
get
{
return _Name;
}
set
{
_Name = value;
}
}
} 但是呢，CLR属性有个特点，在多级继承的情况下，每次继承，父类的字段都被继承，孙孙辈对象占用内存空间不可避免的膨胀。
那么说在基于这个缺点的情况下，依赖属性呢解决了一部分问题
[*]在多级继承，大多数字段并没有被修改的情况下，如何少对象的体积。
[*]数据驱动指导思想下，数据如何保存简单一致，同步
// 1. 使类型继承DependencyObject类
public class Person : DependencyObject
{
// 2. 声明一个静态只读的DependencyProperty 字段
public static readonly DependencyProperty nameProperty;
static Person()
{
// 3. 注册定义的依赖属性
nameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Name", typeof(string), typeof(Person),
new PropertyMetadata("Learning Hard",OnValueChanged));
}
// 4. 属性包装器，通过它来读取和设置我们刚才注册的依赖属性
public string Name
{
get { return (string)GetValue(nameProperty); }
set { SetValue(nameProperty, value); }
}
private static void OnValueChanged(DependencyObject dpobj, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
// 当只发生改变时回调的方法
}
}优势在那里呢？
1、解决多级继承，且大多数字段值不改变的情况下，减少内存占比
将一个DependencyProperty对象存储在一个全局的Hashtable中；通过依赖对象(DependencyObject)的GetValue和SetValue存取数据；
2、以数据为中心，当数据源改变时，所以关联的UI数据改变；
依赖属性值可以通过Binding依赖于其它对象上，这就使得数据源一变动；依赖于此数据源的依赖属性全部进行更新
这里呢贴一个链接可以参考参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/Zhouyongh/archive/2009/09/10/1564099.html5 - 依赖属性怎么解决内存占比问题呢？
首先呢，我们先确认一下对于依赖属性而言，到底有没有节约内存。我们写个Demo就能明显看出来
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
<p>namespace FifthWPFDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
Person per;
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
List<Person> list = new List<Person>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
{
per = new Person();
list.Add(per);
}
}
}
public class Person
{
public double Name { get; set; }
public double Name1 { get; set; }
public double Name2 { get; set; }
public double Name3 { get; set; }
public double Name4 { get; set; }
public double Name5 { get; set; }
public double Name6 { get; set; }
public double Name7 { get; set; }
public double Name8 { get; set; }
public double Name9 { get; set; }
public double Name10 { get; set; }
}
}</p>
此时我们将普通属性换位依赖属性我们再看看
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
<p>namespace FifthWPFDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
Person per;
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
List<Person> list = new List<Person>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
{
per = new Person();
list.Add(per);
}
}
}
public class Person : DependencyObject
{
public double Name
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(NameProperty);
}
set
{
SetValue(NameProperty, value);
}
}
public double Name1
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name1Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name1Property, value);
}
}
public double Name2
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name2Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name2Property, value);
}
}
public double Name3
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name3Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name3Property, value);
}
}</p>
public double Name4
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name4Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name4Property, value);
}
}
public double Name5
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name5Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name5Property, value);
}
}
public double Name6
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name6Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name6Property, value);
}
}
public double Name7
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name7Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name7Property, value);
}
}
public double Name8
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name8Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name8Property, value);
}
}
public double Name9
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name9Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name9Property, value);
}
}
public double Name10
{
get
{
return (double)GetValue(Name10Property);
}
set
{
SetValue(Name10Property, value);
}
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty NameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Name", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name1Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name1", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name2Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name2", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name3Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name3", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name4Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name4", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name5Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name5", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name6Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name6", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name7Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name7", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name8Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name8", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name9Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name9", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
public static readonly DependencyProperty Name10Property = DependencyProperty.Register("Name10", typeof(double), typeof(Person), new PropertyMetadata((double)55.55));
}
//public class Person
//{
// public double Name { get; set; }
// public double Name1 { get; set; }
// public double Name2 { get; set; }
// public double Name3 { get; set; }
// public double Name4 { get; set; }
// public double Name5 { get; set; }
// public double Name6 { get; set; }
// public double Name7 { get; set; }
// public double Name8 { get; set; }
// public double Name9 { get; set; }
// public double Name10 { get; set; }
//}}
然后我们再循环一千万次
那么WPF的属性到底是如何节约内存的呢。因为CLR属性是在实例声明的时候就分配好了内存空间的。所以就算实例里面没有写入值，或者仍然是默认值，仍然会分配好内存空间。但是WPF的依赖属性不同。
所以依赖属性正在节约内存就在于这儿的依赖属性是一个static readonly 属性。所以不需要在对象每次实例化的时候都分配相关属性的内存空间，而是提供一个入口点。
6 - 依赖属性的回写和强制转换
//注册依赖属性
PropertyMetadata propertyMetadata = new PropertyMetadata();
propertyMetadata.DefaultValue = Brushes.DeepSkyBlue;
//属性值改变回写
propertyMetadata.PropertyChangedCallback = ((s, e) =>
{
Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("PropertyChanged - 属性：{0} 新值：{1} 旧值：{2}", e.Property.Name, e.NewValue, e.OldValue));
});
//强制转换
propertyMetadata.CoerceValueCallback = (s, e) =>
{
Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("CoerceValue - {0}", e));
return e;
};
<p>MyColorProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("MyColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(MyButton), propertyMetadata, (o) => {
Brush brush = o as Brush;
if (brush== Brushes.Yellow||brush== Brushes.Blue)
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
});</p>
在写代码是都会考虑可能发生的错误。在定义属性时，也需要考虑错误设置属性的可能性。对于传统.NET属性，可以在属性的设置器中进行属性值的验证，不满足条件的值可以抛出异常。但对于依赖属性来说，这种方法不合适，因为依赖属性通过SetValue方法来直接设置其值的。然而WPF有其代替的方式，WPF中提供了两种方法来用于验证依赖属性的值。
1、ValidateValueCallback:该回调函数可以接受或拒绝新值。该值可作为DependencyProperty.Register方法的一个参数。
2、CoerceValueCallback:该回调函数可将新值强制修改为可被接受的值。例如某个依赖属性工作年龄的值范围是25到55，在该回调函数中，可以对设置的值进行强制修改，对于不满足条件的值，强制修改为满足条件的值。如当设置为负值时，可强制修改为0。该回调函数PropertyMetadata构造函数参数进行传递。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/iceamos/archive/2023/03/15/17218242.html
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