部署prometheus、grafana、alertmanager
简介：由于资源有限，本实验用了两台机器[*]监控端：部署prometheus、grafana、alertmanager
[*]被监控端：node_exporter、mysqld_exporter
一. 部署promethus
1. 下载
https://prometheus.io/download/
2. 解压
mkdir -p /data/prometheus
tar -zxvf /root/prometheus-2.42.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
cd /data
mv prometheus-2.42.0.linux-amd64/ prometheus
3. 部署
[*]创建prometheus用户
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M prometheus
mkdir -p /data/database/prometheus
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /data/database/prometheus/
[*]配置systemctl启动项
vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
Description=Prometheus
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/data/prometheus/prometheus --web.enable-lifecycle --config.file=/data/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/data/database/prometheus
Restart=on-failure
WantedBy=multi-user.target4. 加载配置&启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl status prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus
[*]访问web页面，IP:9090
[*]查看到监控的数据，IP:9090/metrics
二. 监控linux主机
1. 下载node_exporter
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.5.0/node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
2.解压
tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
mv /data/node_exporter-1.5.0.linux-amd64/ /data/node_exporter
3. 配置systemctl启动项
vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
Description=node_exporter
ExecStart=/data/source.package/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/node_exporter
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
WantedBy=multi-user.target4. 加载配置&启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl status node_exporter.service
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
[*]查看到被监控的数据，IP:9100/metrics
5. 监控端配置
[*]在主配置文件最后加上下面三行
vim /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- job_name: 'agent1' #取一个job名称来代表被监控的机器
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.1.1:9100'] # 这里改成被监控机器的IP，后面端口接9100
[*]测试prometheus.yaml文件有无报错
# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax6. 重新加载prometheus配置文件
[*]curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload，打开prometheus页面输入up查看是不是有对应的数据了
[*]回到web管理界面 ——>点——>点Targets ——>可以看到多了一台监控目标
三. 监控mysql
1. 下载mysqld_exporter
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0/mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz2
2. 解压
tar -zxvf mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
mv /data/mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64/ /data/mysqld_exporter
# ls /data/mysqld_exporter/
LICENSEmysqld_exporterNOTICE3. 安装mariadb数据库,并授权
yum -y install mariadb-server -y
systemctl start mariadb
# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> grant select,replication client,process ON *.* to 'mysql_monito'@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye4. 启动
nohup /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf &
5. 监控端配置
vim /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- job_name: 'mysql' #取一个job名称来代表被监控的机器
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.1.1:9104'] # 这里改成被监控机器的IP，后面端口接91046. 重启prometheus
systemctl restart prometheus
[*]回到web管理界面 ——>点——>点Targets ——>可以看到多了一台监控目标
四. 部署grafana
1. 下载
wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-9.3.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz
2. 解压
tar -zxvf grafana-enterprise-9.3.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data
mv grafana-9.3.6/ grafana
3. 修改初始化文件
[*]备份
cp /data/grafana/conf/defaults.ini /data/grafana/conf/defaults.ini.bak
[*]修改
vim /data/grafana/conf/defaults.ini
data = /data/database/grafana/data
logs = /data/database/grafana/log
plugins = /data/database/grafana/plugins
provisioning = /data/grafana/conf/provisioning/4. 配置systemctl启动项
vim /etc/systemd/system/grafana-server.service
Description=Grafana
After=network.target
User=grafana
Group=grafana
Type=notify
ExecStart=/data/grafana/bin/grafana-server -homepath /data/grafana/
Restart=on-failure
WantedBy=multi-user.target5. 加载配置&启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start grafana-server.service
systemctl status grafana-server.service
systemctl enable grafana-server.service
[*]web页面：ip+3000
[*]默认账号密码都是admin admin，登陆时需要修改密码。
6. 配置grafana
[*]添加prometheus监控数据及模板，将grafana和prometheus关联起来，也就是在grafana中添加添加数据源
[*]点击：设置->Data Source->Add data source->选择prometheus->url内填写http://IP:9090->save&test
[*]点击：左边栏Dashboards“+”号内import->输入“8919”->load->更改name为“Prometheus Node”->victoriaMetrics选择刚创建的数据源“prometheus”
[*]如要使用其他的模板，请到grafana的官网去查找 https://grafana.com/dashboards\
[*]设置完成后，点击"Dashboards"，->"victoriaMetrics"->"Prometheus Node"
五、部署alertmanager
1. 下载
https://prometheus.io/download/
2. 解压
tar -zxvf alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/
cd /data
mv alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64/ alertmanager
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /data/alertmanager
mkdir -p /data/alertmanager/data
3. 配置报警系统altermanger服务
vim /data/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml（最初配置）
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_by: ['alertname']
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 10s
repeat_interval: 1h
receiver: 'web.hook'
receivers:
- name: 'web.hook'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://127.0.0.1:5001/'
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
severity: 'critical'
target_match:
severity: 'warning'
equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']4. 配置systemctl启动项
vim /etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service
Description=Alertmanager
After=network.target
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/data/alertmanager/data
Restart=on-failure
WantedBy=multi-user.target5. 加载配置&启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start alertmanager.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service
systemctl enable alertmanager.service
6. 配置promethues.yaml
[*]备份
cp /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml.bak
[*]编辑
vim /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml （job_name中有几台监控的机器就写几行）
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.168.1.1:9093
rule_files:
- "/data/database/prometheus/rules/*.rules"
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: 'prometheus'
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.1.1:9090']
- job_name: 'node'
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.1.2:9100']
- targets: ['192.168.1.3:9100']
- targets: ['192.168.1.4:9100']
[*]测试prometheus.yaml文件有无报错（可以检测出rules文件有无报错）
cd /data/prometheus
./promtool check config prometheus.yml
# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
SUCCESS: 1 rule files found
SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax
Checking /data/database/prometheus/rules/node.rules
SUCCESS: 21 rules found7. 创建prometheus的规则文件
mkdir /data/database/prometheus/rules
vim /data/database/prometheus/rules/node.rules
groups:
- name: Node-rules
rules:
- alert: Node-Down
expr: up{job="node1"} == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 严重警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.instance }} 节点已经宕机 1分钟"
description: "节点宕机"
- alert: Node-CpuHigh
expr: (1 - avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="idle"}))) * 100 > 80
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} cpu使用率超 80%"
description: "CPU 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-CpuIowaitHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="iowait"})) * 100 > 80
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU iowait 使用率超过 80%"
description: "CPU iowait 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-MemoryHigh
expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node"}) * 100 > 80
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Memory使用率超过 80%"
description: "Memory 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-Load5High
expr: node_load5 > (count by (instance) (node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode='system'})) * 1.2
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Load(5m)过高,超出cpu核数1.2倍"
description: "Load(5m)过高,超出cpu核数 1.2倍"
- alert: Node-DiskRootHigh
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk(/ 分区) 使用率超过 80%"
description: "Disk(/ 分区) 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-DiskDataHigh
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/data"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/data"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk(/data 分区) 使用率超过 80%"
description: "Disk(/data 分区) 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-DiskReadHigh
expr: irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job="node"}) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk 读取字节数速率超过 20 MB/s"
description: "Disk 读取字节数速率为 {{ $value }}MB/s"
- alert: Node-DiskWriteHigh
expr: irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job="node"}) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk 写入字节数速率超过 20 MB/s"
description: "Disk 写入字节数速率为 {{ $value }}MB/s"
- alert: Node-DiskReadRateCountHigh
expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job="node"}) > 3000
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk iops 每秒读取速率超过 3000 iops"
description: "Disk iops 每秒读取速率为 {{ $value }}"
- alert: Node-DiskWriteRateCountHigh
expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job="node"}) > 3000
for: 1m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk iops 每秒写入速率超过 3000 iops"
description: "Disk iops 每秒写入速率为 {{ $value }}"
- alert: Node-InodeRootUsedPercentHigh
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk (/ 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
description: "Disk (/ 分区) inode 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-InodeBootUsedPercentHigh
expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/data"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/data"}) * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Disk (/data 分区) inode 使用率超过 80%"
description: "Disk (/data 分区) inode 使用率为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-FilefdAllocatedPercentHigh
expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node"} / node_filefd_maximum{job="node"} * 100 > 80
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Filefd 打开百分比超过 80%"
description: "Filefd 打开百分比为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: Node-NetworkNetinBitRateHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
for: 3m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Network 接收比特数速率超过 20MB/s"
description: "Network 接收比特数速率为 {{ $value }}MB/s"
- alert: Node-NetworkNetoutBitRateHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8
for: 3m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Network 接收比特数速率超过 20MB/s"
description: "Network 发送比特数速率为 {{ $value }}MB/s"
- alert: Node-NetworkNetinPacketErrorRateHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"})) > 15
for: 3m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Network 接收错误包速率超过 15个/秒"
description: "Network 接收错误包速率为 {{ $value }}个/秒"
- alert: Node-NetworkNetoutPacketErrorRateHigh
expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"})) > 15
for: 3m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Network 发送错误包速率超过 15个/秒"
description: "Network 发送错误包速率为 {{ $value }}个/秒"
- alert: Node-ProcessBlockedHigh
expr: node_procs_blocked{job="node"} > 10
for: 10m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} Process 当前被阻塞的任务的数量超过 10个"
description: "Process 当前被阻塞的任务的数量为 {{ $value }}个"
- alert: Node-TimeOffsetHigh
expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node"}) > 3 * 60
for: 2m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 节点的时间偏差超过 3m"
description: "节点的时间偏差为 {{ $value }}m"
- alert: Node-TCPconnection
expr: node_sockstat_TCP_tw{job="node"} > 15000
for: 2m
labels:
severity: 警告
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} TCP 等待关闭的TCP连接数TIME_WAIT过高大于15000"
description: "TCP 等待关闭的TCP连接数为 {{ $value }}"8. 配置alertmanager邮件报警 vim /data/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
# 全局配置项
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m #处理超时时间，默认为5min
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:465' #邮箱smtp服务器代理
smtp_from: '111111112@qq.com' #发送邮箱名称
smtp_auth_username: '111111112@qq.com' #邮箱名称
smtp_auth_password: 'asdklfjwiehrqc' #邮箱授权码
smtp_require_tls: false
smtp_hello: 'qq.com'<br><br># 定义报警模板
templates:
- '/data/alertmanager/email.tmpl'
# 定义路由树信息
route:
group_by: ['alertname'] #报警分组依据
group_wait: 10s #最初即第一次等待多久时间发送一组警报的通知
group_interval: 10s #在发送新警报前的等待时间
repeat_interval: 10m #发送重复警报的周期 对于email配置中，此项不可以设置过低，否则将会由于邮件发送太多频繁，被smtp服务器拒绝
receiver: 'email' #发送警报的接收者的名称，以下receivers name的名称# 定义警报接收者信息
receivers:
- name: 'email' # 警报
email_configs: # 邮箱配置
- to: '1111111112@qq.com, hello@163.com' #添加多个邮箱中间用,+空格分开
html: '{{ template "email.html" . }}'
send_resolved: true
# 一个inhibition规则是在与另一组匹配器匹配的警报存在的条件下，使匹配一组匹配器的警报失效的规则。两个警报必须具有一组相同的标签。
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
severity: 'critical'
target_match:
severity: 'warning'
equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']9. 创建自定义报警模板
vim /data/alertmanager/email.tmpl
{{ define "email.html" }}
{{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
{{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
<pre>
======== 异常告警 ========
告警类型：{{ $alert.Labels.alertname }}
告警级别：{{ $alert.Labels.severity }}
告警实例：{{ $alert.Labels.instance }}
告警应用: {{ $alert.Labels.name }}
告警信息：{{ $alert.Annotations.summary }}
告警详情：{{ $alert.Annotations.description }}
告警时间：{{ $alert.StartsAt.Local }}
========== END ==========
</pre>
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
{{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
<pre>
======== 告警恢复 ========
告警类型：{{ $alert.Labels.alertname }}
告警级别：{{ $alert.Labels.severity }}
告警实例：{{ $alert.Labels.instance }}
告警详情：{{ $alert.Annotations.description }}
告警应用: {{ $alert.Labels.name }}
当前状态: OK
告警时间：{{ $alert.StartsAt.Local }}
恢复时间：{：{ $alert.EndsAt.Local }}
========== END ==========
</pre>
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}10. 重启服务
systemctl restart prometheus.service
systemctl restart alertmanager.service
11. 页面验证
[*]web页面：ip+9090上点击alert选项查看是否存在规则
12. 邮件告警
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/heiguu/p/17332545.html
免责声明：由于采集信息均来自互联网，如果侵犯了您的权益，请联系我们【E-Mail:cb@itdo.tech】 我们会及时删除侵权内容，谢谢合作！
页:
[1]