一步步完整搭建一个图纸管理系统（Django+Vue3）
图纸管理系统一、初步构建后端项目
1、打开已经创建好的虚拟环境:激活activate（推荐使用虚拟环境）并创建项目
2、导入vs code中，项目环境大致如下：
需要将终端改成虚拟环境的解释器后，简单试运行：
3、创建子app（图纸管理系统模块）
由于我们把子项目都放在apps里面了（方便统一管理）所以注册要加入一段配置
4、创建数据库
一定要注意格式
5、设置Django连接数据库
（1）安装pymysql
pip install pymysql（2）gveInformationSystem/settings中进行相关配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'StudentDB',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}（3）需要在init.py导入pymysql
6、创建数据库表内容
（在：apps/DrawingManagementSystem/models.py）
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# === 图纸管理系统 models
# 传感器分类--sensor， 项目--project， 资料-data， 图纸信息-drawing
# 公有创建时间和修改时间
class TimestampMode(models.Model):
"""
An abstract base class model that provides selfupdating ``created`` and ``modified`` fields.
"""
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
class Meta:
abstract = True# it's very important to add this line
# === 传感器类 --- Sensor：Id,name,created,modified
class Sensor(TimestampMode):
sensor_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="传感器名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
# create_time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now().replace(microsecond=0))
class Meta:
db_table = "Draw_Sensor"
managed = True
app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % (self.sensor_name)
# === 项目类 --- project：Id,name,created,modified
class Project(TimestampMode):
project_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="项目名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
class Meta:
db_table = "Draw_Project"
managed = True
app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % (self.project_name)
# === 资料类 --- data:ID,name,created,modified
class Data(TimestampMode):
data_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="资料名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
project = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属项目", to=Project, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
class Meta:
db_table = "Draw_Data"
managed = True
app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % (self.data_name)
# === 图纸信息 --- drawing:ID(Material_code),drawing_name,created,modified,drawing_spec,drawing_page,drawing_client_id,drawing_remark,drawing_version
class Drawing(TimestampMode):
material_code = models.CharField(verbose_name="物料编号", max_length=50, blank=False)
sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
project = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属项目", to=Project, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
data = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属资料", to=Data, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
drawing_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="材料名称", max_length=50, blank=False)
drawing_spec = models.CharField(verbose_name="规格/图纸号", max_length=50, blank=False)
drawing_page = models.CharField(verbose_name="图纸页数", max_length=50, blank=False)
drawing_client_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="客户编号", max_length=50)
drawing_version = models.CharField(verbose_name="版本号", max_length=50, blank=False)
drawing_remark = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=100)
drawing_url = models.CharField(verbose_name="地址", max_length=100)
is_deleted = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="逻辑删除0否1是", max_length=10, blank=False, default=0)
class Meta:
db_table = "Draw_Drawing"
managed = True
app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % (self.drawing_name)（1）用指令生成数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate完成后代码如下：
7、DRF接口（初步）
（1）DRF的安装和快速实现
安装DjangoRestFramework包
pip install djangorestframework==3.13.0在settings中导入
序列化:负责对象和json格式的相互转换
a获取数据：对象-->Json返回给前端
b添加、修改：json-->对象 存储在数据库中
视图：实现后台功能的核心
早期：视图是基于函数--FBV
DRF：视图基于类--CBV
路由：路由的匹配
（2）序列化
创建DrawingManagementSystem\serializer.py文件
from rest_framework import serializers
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ----Sensor序列化类----
class SensorSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Sensor
fields = "__all__"
# ____Project序列化类____
class ProjectSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Project
fields = "__all__"
# ____Data序列化类____
class DataSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Data
fields = "__all__"
# ____Drawing序列化类____
class DrawingSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Drawing
fields = "__all__"（3）编写view.py代码（apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py）
# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet# 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing# 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, DrawingSerialzer # 序列化类
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Project.objects.all()
serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Data.objects.all()
serializer_class = DataSerialzer
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer（4）编写urls.py代码（apps\DrawingManagementSystem\urls.py）
# ======导入模块======
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from DrawingManagementSystem.views import SensorViewSet, ProjectViewSet, DataViewSet, DrawingViewSet
# ====1.实例化一个 DefaultRouter====
router = DefaultRouter()
# ====2.注册相应的url====
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Sensors', SensorViewSet, basename='Sensors') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Sensors/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Projects', ProjectViewSet, basename='Projects') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Projects/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Datas', DataViewSet, basename='Datas') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Datas/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Drawings', DrawingViewSet, basename='Drawings') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Drawings/
urlpatterns = [
]
# ====3.附加到urlpatterns集合中====
urlpatterns += router.urls编写总urls.py代码（gveInformationSystemBE\urls.py）
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('DrawingApi/v1/',include('DrawingManagementSystem.urls')),
]编写后运行django项目
python manage.py runserver
浏览器输入：http://127.0.0.1:8000/DrawingApi/v1/
可以看到界面如下：
说明简单后端接口已经完成，可以简单测试下：
发现存入的时间是北美市区，将gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中的USE_TZ = True改为：USE_TZ = False
发现存入的时间是带毫秒：参考解决方法为
或者直接在数据库软件中
可以避免存入毫秒的问题
8、DRF进阶（增删改接口、筛选、搜索、分页）
其实在网址后面加上id，就可以进行数据的删除修改
（1）DRF的筛选
步骤为：
安装：pip install django-filter
pip install django-filter==21.1注册到installed_apps中
完成filter的筛选类
在apps\DrawingManagementSystem新建filter.py
# =====导入模块=====
from django_filters import FilterSet
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ---Sensor的Filter类---
class SensorFilter(FilterSet):
class Meta:
model = Sensor
fields = ('sensor_name',) # 传感器名称
# ---Project的Filter类---
class ProjectFilter(FilterSet):
class Meta:
model = Project
fields = ('project_name', 'sensor') # 项目名称 所属传感器
# ---Data的Filter类---
class DataFilter(FilterSet):
class Meta:
model = Data
fields = ('data_name', 'sensor', 'project') # 资料名称 所属传感器 所属项目
# ---Drawing的Filter类---
class DrawingFilter(FilterSet):
class Meta:
model = Drawing
fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')# 材料名称、物料编号、规格/图纸号、客户编号在viewset中添加筛选类
# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet# 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing# 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, \
DrawingSerialzer# 序列化类
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend# 实现筛选的后台模块
from DrawingManagementSystem.filter import SensorFilter, ProjectFilter, DataFilter, DrawingFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
# 设定筛选的后台
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = SensorFilter
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Project.objects.all()
serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
# 设定筛选的后台
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = ProjectFilter
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Data.objects.all()
serializer_class = DataSerialzer
# 设定筛选的后台
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DataFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
# 设定筛选的后台
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DrawingFilter效果如下：
（2）筛选优化——模糊匹配
# =====导入模块=====
from django_filters import FilterSet,filters
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ---Sensor的Filter类---
class SensorFilter(FilterSet):
# 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
sensor_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='sensor_name',lookup_expr="icontains")
class Meta:
model = Sensor
fields = ('sensor_name',) # 传感器名称
# ---Project的Filter类---
class ProjectFilter(FilterSet):
# 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
project_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='project_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
class Meta:
model = Project
fields = ('project_name', 'sensor') # 项目名称 所属传感器
# ---Data的Filter类---
class DataFilter(FilterSet):
# 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
data_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='data_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
class Meta:
model = Data
fields = ('data_name', 'sensor', 'project') # 资料名称 所属传感器 所属项目
# ---Drawing的Filter类---
class DrawingFilter(FilterSet):
# 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
drawing_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
material_code = filters.CharFilter(field_name='material_code', lookup_expr="icontains")
drawing_spec = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_spec', lookup_expr="icontains")
drawing_client_id = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_client_id', lookup_expr="icontains")
class Meta:
model = Drawing
fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')# 材料名称、物料编号、规格/图纸号、客户编号（3）全局加入筛选后台
在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入
# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
],
}这样views.py中就不需要加入
# 设定筛选的后台
filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)修改后代码如下：
# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet# 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing# 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, \
DrawingSerialzer# 序列化类
from DrawingManagementSystem.filter import SensorFilter, ProjectFilter, DataFilter, DrawingFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = SensorFilter
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Project.objects.all()
serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = ProjectFilter
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Data.objects.all()
serializer_class = DataSerialzer
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DataFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DrawingFilter（4）加入搜索
筛选【filter】：一个值只能对应一个字段，需要django-filter
搜索【search】；一个值能对应多个字段，DRF自带
在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',
# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',
],
}在apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py中加入需要搜索匹配的字段
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DrawingFilter
# 指定查找匹配的字段
search_fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')结果如下：
（5）加入分页
有2种，一种为全局
即在在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入
# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',
],
# ===== 设置分页 ===============
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}还有一种为：按需分页
apps\DrawingManagementSystem下新建paginations.py
代码如下：
# ========== 导入 ===========
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 5
page_query_param = "page"
page_size_query_param = 'size'
max_page_size = 50在apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py中加入：
from DrawingManagementSystem.paginations import MyPageNumberPagination
###
###
###
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination
# 指定筛选的类
filter_class = DrawingFilter
# 指定查找匹配的字段
search_fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')效果如下：
9、添加Swagger文档
记得在setting中注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'DrawingManagementSystem',
'rest_framework',
'django_filters',
'drf_yasg',
]效果如下：
想要中文注释
效果如下：
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/lightwower/p/17428880.html
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