PHP laravel实现配置使用多数据库
有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。
配置很简单。
在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：
Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接
'connections' => [
'sqlite' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
'prefix' => '',
'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
],
'mysql' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'strict' => true,
'engine' => null,
'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
]) : [],
],
'pgsql' => [
'driver' => 'pgsql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'schema' => 'public',
'sslmode' => 'prefer',
],
'sqlsrv' => [
'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
],
],默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。
如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。
如下面所示：
我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接
'connections' => [
'sqlite' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
'prefix' => '',
'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
],
// 本地数据库，存储本地数据
'mysql' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'xxxxx'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', xxxx),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', xxxx),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', xxxxxxx'),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'strict' => false,
'engine' => null,
'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
]) : [],
],
// 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据
'mysql_base' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'read' => [
'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx'),
],
'write' => [
'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx')
],
'port' => env('DB_PORT_BASE', xxxx),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE_BASE', xxxx),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME_BASE', xxxxxx),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD_BASE', 'xxxxx'),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'strict' => false,
'engine' => null,
],
'pgsql' => [
'driver' => 'pgsql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'schema' => 'public',
'sslmode' => 'prefer',
],
'sqlsrv' => [
'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
],
// oracle 数据库连接
'oracle' => [
'driver' => 'oracle',
'host' => '210.30.64.37',
'port' => xxx,
'database' => '',
'service_name' => xxxxx,
'username' => xxx_xxxx,
'password' => xxxx_xxxx,
'charset' => 'AL32UTF8',
'prefix' => '',
]
],我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：
1：使用原生sql
DB::connection('oracle')->select("SELECT * fromxxxxx WHERE XH = '{$personal_id}' AND XM = '{$name}'")2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：
$userinfo = DB::connection('mysql_base')->table('user')
->where('personal_id', '=', $data['personal_id'])
->where('name', '=', $data['name'])
->where('school_id', '=', $data['school_id'])
->select('id', 'type', 'school_id', 'personal_id', 'name', 'email', 'ilab_user', 'ilab_pwd')
->first();最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。
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