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选项用来提供对相关设置的强类型访问,读取配置首选使用选项模式。选项无法脱离容器使用,依赖容器,实现了选项不同的访问方式。选项模式使用了泛型包装器,因此具备了如下优点:
- 不需要显示注册选项具体类型,只需要将泛型包装器注入到容器中;
- 对于选项实例的评估推迟到获取IOptions.Value时进行,而不是在注入时进行,这样就可以获取不同生命周期的选项;
- 可以对选项进行泛型约束;
选项注入
选项模式向容器中注入了三种类型的选项泛型包装器:IOptions,IOptionsSnapshot,IOptionsMonitor。其中IOptionsSnapshot被注册为Scoped。注入了IOptionsFactory泛型选项工厂,用来创建选项实例。注入了IOptionsMonitorCache,由IOptionsMonitor用于缓存泛型实例。- public static IServiceCollection AddOptions(this IServiceCollection services)
- {
- if (services == null)
- throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services));
- services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptions<>), typeof(UnnamedOptionsManager<>)));
- services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Scoped(typeof(IOptionsSnapshot<>), typeof(OptionsManager<>)));
- services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptionsMonitor<>), typeof(OptionsMonitor<>)));
- services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Transient(typeof(IOptionsFactory<>), typeof(OptionsFactory<>)));
- services.TryAdd(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton(typeof(IOptionsMonitorCache<>), typeof(OptionsCache<>)));
- return services;
- }
复制代码 选项不同生命周期
不同类型的选项接口功能不同:
- IOptions:实现类为UnnamedOptionsManager,其中TOptions字段保存选项实例(不支持命名选项)。在首次获取Value时,会调用工厂创建选项实例。因为被注册为单例,因此无法识别配置修改。
- IOptionsSnapshot:实现类为OptionsManager,其中OptionsCache字段(私有,非容器获取)保存选项实例(支持命名选项)。被注册为范围,在范围内首次获取Value时,会调用工厂创建选项实例,并将其保存到私有的OptionsCache中,在范围内选项值不变,不同范围内选项值根据获取时配置文件的不同而不同。
- IOptionsMonitor:实现类为OptionsMonitor,其中IOptionsMonitorCache字段,该字段的值是从容器中解析的,用来缓存选项实例。OptionsMonitor还注入了IOptionsChangeTokenSource列表,可以监听配置源的修改。当监听到修改时,调用工厂重新创建选项以刷新选项值。
- internal sealed class UnnamedOptionsManager<[DynamicallyAccessedMembers(
- Options.DynamicallyAccessedMembers)] TOptions> : IOptions<TOptions>
- where TOptions : class
- {
- private readonly IOptionsFactory<TOptions> _factory;
- private volatile object _syncObj;
- private volatile TOptions _value;
- public UnnamedOptionsManager(IOptionsFactory<TOptions> factory) => _factory = factory;
- public TOptions Value
- {
- get
- {
- if (_value is TOptions value)
- return value;
- lock (_syncObj ?? Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _syncObj, new object(), null) ?? _syncObj)
- {
- return _value ??= _factory.Create(Options.DefaultName);
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码- public class OptionsManager<[DynamicallyAccessedMembers(Options.DynamicallyAccessedMembers)] TOptions>
- : IOptions<TOptions>, IOptionsSnapshot<TOptions>
- where TOptions : class
- {
- private readonly IOptionsFactory<TOptions> _factory;
- private readonly OptionsCache<TOptions> _cache = new OptionsCache<TOptions>();
-
- public OptionsManager(IOptionsFactory<TOptions> factory)
- {
- _factory = factory;
- }
- public TOptions Value => Get(Options.DefaultName);
- public virtual TOptions Get(string name)
- {
- name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
- if (!_cache.TryGetValue(name, out TOptions options))
- {
- IOptionsFactory<TOptions> localFactory = _factory;
- string localName = name;
- options = _cache.GetOrAdd(name, () => localFactory.Create(localName));
- }
- return options;
- }
- }
复制代码- public class OptionsMonitor<[DynamicallyAccessedMembers(Options.DynamicallyAccessedMembers)] TOptions>
- : IOptionsMonitor<TOptions>, IDisposable
- where TOptions : class
- {
- private readonly IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions> _cache;
- private readonly IOptionsFactory<TOptions> _factory;
- private readonly List<IDisposable> _registrations = new List<IDisposable>();
- internal event Action<TOptions, string> _onChange;
- public OptionsMonitor(IOptionsFactory<TOptions> factory,
- IEnumerable<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions>> sources, IOptionsMonitorCache<TOptions> cache)
- {
- _factory = factory;
- _cache = cache;
- void RegisterSource(IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions> source)
- {
- IDisposable registration = ChangeToken.OnChange(
- () => source.GetChangeToken(),
- (name) => InvokeChanged(name),
- source.Name);
- _registrations.Add(registration);
- }
-
- // 此处简写
- foreach (IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions> source in sources)
- {
- RegisterSource(source);
- }
- }
- private void InvokeChanged(string name)
- {
- name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
- _cache.TryRemove(name);
- TOptions options = Get(name);
- if (_onChange != null)
- _onChange.Invoke(options, name);
- }
- public TOptions CurrentValue
- {
- get => Get(Options.DefaultName);
- }
- public virtual TOptions Get(string name)
- {
- name = name ?? Options.DefaultName;
- return _cache.GetOrAdd(name, () => _factory.Create(name));
- }
- public IDisposable OnChange(Action<TOptions, string> listener)
- {
- var disposable = new ChangeTrackerDisposable(this, listener);
- _onChange += disposable.OnChange;
- return disposable;
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- foreach (IDisposable registration in _registrations)
- {
- registration.Dispose();
- }
- _registrations.Clear();
- }
- }
复制代码 选项配置
选项模式提供了IConfigureOptions、IConfigureNamedOptions和IPostConfigureOptions接口,用来对选项进行配置。IConfigureNamedOptions继承了IConfigureOptions接口,增加了命名选项配置功能。这三个接口中都有一个对选项配置的方法,将接口注入到容器中,当调用工厂创建选项时,会调用接口中的配置方法对选项进行配置。首先会调用IConfigureOptions、IConfigureNamedOptions接口中的配置方法,然后调用IPostConfigureOptions接口中的配置方法。- // OptionsFactory<>
- public TOptions Create(string name)
- {
- TOptions options = CreateInstance(name);
- foreach (IConfigureOptions<TOptions> setup in _setups)
- {
- if (setup is IConfigureNamedOptions<TOptions> namedSetup)
- namedSetup.Configure(name, options);
- else if (name == Options.DefaultName)
- setup.Configure(options);
- }
- foreach (IPostConfigureOptions<TOptions> post in _postConfigures)
- {
- post.PostConfigure(name, options);
- }
- // 选项验证...
- return options;
- }
- protected virtual TOptions CreateInstance(string name)
- {
- return Activator.CreateInstance<TOptions>();
- }
复制代码 选项验证
选项模式提供了IValidateOptions接口,包含一个Validate方法对选项进行验证。将接口注入容器中,当调用工厂创建选项时,会调用接口中的Validate方法对选项进行验证。- // OptionsFactory<>
- public TOptions Create(string name)
- {
- TOptions options = CreateInstance(name);
- // 选项配置...
- if (_validations.Length > 0)
- {
- var failures = new List<string>();
- foreach (IValidateOptions<TOptions> validate in _validations)
- {
- ValidateOptionsResult result = validate.Validate(name, options);
- if (result is not null && result.Failed)
- failures.AddRange(result.Failures);
- }
- if (failures.Count > 0)
- throw new OptionsValidationException(name, typeof(TOptions), failures);
- }
- return options;
- }
复制代码 如果需要为选项添加验证,实现IValidateOptions接口并注入到容器即可:- builder.Services.TryAddEnumerable(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton
- <IValidateOptions<SettingsOptions>, ValidateSettingsOptions>());
复制代码 也可以添加DataAnnotations验证,调用ValidateDataAnnotations扩展方法即可,该方法定义在 Microsoft.Extensions.Options.DataAnnotations中。需要先调用AddOptions扩展方法创建OptionsBuilder:- builder.Services.AddOptions<SettingsOptions>()
- .Bind(Configuration.GetSection(SettingsOptions.ConfigurationSectionName))
- .ValidateDataAnnotations();
复制代码 绑定配置
通过如下扩展方法将选项绑定到配置:- builder.Services.Configure<SettingsOptions>(builder.Configuration.GetSection("Settings"));
复制代码 绑定到配置是通过IConfiguration.Bind()扩展方法实现的,同时,也添加了对配置修改的监听:- public static IServiceCollection Configure<[DynamicallyAccessedMembers(DynamicallyAccessedMemberTypes.All)] TOptions>(this IServiceCollection services, string name, IConfiguration config, Action<BinderOptions> configureBinder) where TOptions : class
- {
- if (services == null)
- throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services));
- if (config == null)
- throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(config));
- services.AddOptions();
- services.AddSingleton<IOptionsChangeTokenSource<TOptions>>(
- new ConfigurationChangeTokenSource<TOptions>(name, config));
- return services.AddSingleton<IConfigureOptions<TOptions>>(
- new NamedConfigureFromConfigurationOptions<TOptions>(name, config, configureBinder));
- }
复制代码 来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/louzixl/archive/2023/12/03/17872541.html
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