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Miniconda是Anaconda的简化版, 可以管理多个Python版本的环境. 实际使用的话, 占用的空间不会很小, 我跑一些正常的应用后, 安装目录占用空间4.3GB, 安装建议要预留10到20G的空间.
安装 Miniconda
下载安装包
在里面下载适合自己操作系统的安装包, 对于X64的Ubuntu, 下载的是 Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
chmod后执行- chmod +x Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
- ./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
复制代码 或者直接用bash执行- bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
复制代码 中间会有一些提示, 按提示安装. 最后一步要启动自动设置环境, 选no
启用conda环境
启动 conda 环境时需要用下面的命令- eval "$(/install-path/bin/conda shell.YOUR_SHELL_NAME hook)"
复制代码 我的环境时bash, 命令就是- eval "$(/home/milton/miniconda3/bin/conda shell.bash hook)"
复制代码 启用后console的提示符前面会增加(base), 可以用conda --verion验证一下是否生效- (base) milton@somewhere:~$ conda --version
- conda 23.11.0
复制代码 用info查看环境信息- (base) milton@somewhere:~$ conda info
- active environment : base
- active env location : /home/milton/miniconda3
- shell level : 1
- user config file : /home/milton/.condarc
- populated config files :
- conda version : 23.11.0
- conda-build version : not installed
- python version : 3.11.5.final.0
- solver : libmamba (default)
- virtual packages : __archspec=1=haswell
- __conda=23.11.0=0
- __glibc=2.35=0
- __linux=6.5.0=0
- __unix=0=0
- base environment : /home/milton/miniconda3 (writable)
- conda av data dir : /home/milton/miniconda3/etc/conda
- conda av metadata url : None
- channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
- package cache : /home/milton/miniconda3/pkgs
- /home/milton/.conda/pkgs
- envs directories : /home/milton/miniconda3/envs
- /home/milton/.conda/envs
- platform : linux-64
- user-agent : conda/23.11.0 requests/2.31.0 CPython/3.11.5 Linux/6.5.0-15-generic ubuntu/22.04.3 glibc/2.35 solver/libmamba conda-libmamba-solver/23.12.0 libmambapy/1.5.3
- UID:GID : 1000:1000
- netrc file : None
- offline mode : False
复制代码 关于这个eval和hook的说明
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1254371/can-anyone-explain-what-this-command-actually-do-eval-users-jsmith-anaconda
eval "$(shell-command)" will run shell-command and feed its output to the shell as a command to execute.
A hook in this context is a mechanism to attach custom actions to some event processed by a software.
so $CONDA_PATH/bin/conda shell.bash hook will probably generate a bash command line which, when executed, will connect Anaconda into the running bash process, and eval "$($CONDA_PATH/bin/conda shell.bash hook)" will take care of executing that command. Try running $CONDA_PATH/bin/conda shell.bash hook directly from a shell prompt to see what it is producing, in order to better understand what is going on.
直接运行这个会打印出eval将会执行的脚本- /home/milton/miniconda3/bin/conda shell.bash hook
复制代码 关于 conda 环境的启用和关闭
启用conda环境实际上涉及到两部分, 一个是将conda加入环境变量, 另一个是启用conda的虚拟python环境,
前者在执行eval后就一直有效, 直到你退出当前的命令行, 查看 $PATH 可以看到加入了两个目录 miniconda3/bin 和 miniconda3/condabin- $ echo $PATH
- /home/milton/miniconda3/bin:/home/milton/miniconda3/condabin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
复制代码 后者可以用 activate 和 deactivate 来启用和关闭- # 关闭
- (base) milton@somewhere:~$ conda deactivate
- # 关闭后 (base) 消失, 但是 conda 命令还是可用的
- milton@somewhere:~$ conda --version
- conda 23.11.0
- # 再次启用, 可以看到 (base) 又出现了
- milton@somewhere:~$ conda activate
- (base) milton@somewhere:~$
复制代码 在 conda 环境下, 用的 python 版本是独立的, 和系统的 python 版本不一样- milton@somewhere:~$ python3 --version
- Python 3.10.12
- milton@somewhere:~$ conda activate
- (base) milton@somewhere:~$ python3 --version
- Python 3.11.5
复制代码 conda环境管理
查看环境列表
这三个命令是一样的, 当前环境会用星号标识- conda info -e
- conda info --envs
- conda env list
复制代码 创建环境
先deactivate关闭当前环境, 然后执行- conda create --name [env_name] python=[version]
- # 或者
- conda create -n [env_name] python=[version]
- # 例如
- conda create --name test3.6 python=3.6
复制代码 会计算依赖然后提示需要下载按照的包列表, 安装结束后会提示启用命令- conda activate test3.6
- # To deactivate an active environment, use
- conda deactivate
复制代码 启用后查看对应的python版本就变成了3.6- conda activate test3.6
- (test3.6) milton@somewhere:~$ python --version
- Python 3.6.13 :: Anaconda, Inc.
复制代码 删除环境
- conda env remove -n test3.6
- conda remove -n test3.6 --all
复制代码 conda 管理
升级来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/milton/p/18023969
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