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前言:在这里不进行概念性描述,能看到这篇文章说明你已经知道如何使用表达式树
执行
这里需要说明下表达式树是表示代码的数据结构,并不是经过编译且可执行的代码,如果想要执行由表达式树表示的 .NET 代码,必须将其转换为可执行的 IL 指令。这时候我们需要调用编译函数创建委托(Delegate),再执行。
执行编译后的委托通常看到三种方式:func(入参)、func.Invoke(入参)、func.DynamicInvoke(入参)
前两种用于在确认委托类型是可直接调用,DynamicInvoke一般在不确定委托的具体类型时调用- {
- //
- // 定义Expression
- // @return int
- // @params int(a),int(b)
- //
- Expression<Func<int, int, int>> expression = (a, b) => a + b;
- //编译创建委托
- Func<int, int, int> func = expression.Compile();
- //入参执行
- Console.WriteLine(func(1, 2));
- Console.WriteLine(func.Invoke(1, 2));
- Console.WriteLine(func.DynamicInvoke(1, 2));
- }
- {
- //
- // 创建Expression
- // @return int
- // @params UserInfo(user)
- //
- //入参表达式
- var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(UserInfo), "user");
- //参数属性访问器表达式
- var member = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(param, typeof(UserInfo).GetMember("Age").FirstOrDefault()!);
- //常量表达式
- var constant = Expression.Constant(999);
- //二进制计算表达式
- var body = Expression.Add(member, constant);
- //Lambda表达式
- var lambda = Expression.Lambda(body, param);
- Console.WriteLine(lambda.Compile().DynamicInvoke(new UserInfo() { Age = 1 }));
- //Console.WriteLine(((Func<UserInfo, int>)lambda.Compile()).DynamicInvoke(new UserInfo() { Age = 1 }));
- }
复制代码 注意Lambda 表达式将对表达式中引用的任何局部变量创建闭包,必须保证作为委托的一部分的任何变量在调用 Compile 的位置处和执行结果委托时可用,例如以下这种情况将会抛出异常- public class Resource : IDisposable
- {
- private bool _isDisposed = false;
- public int Argument
- {
- get
- {
- if (!_isDisposed)
- return 5;
- else throw new ObjectDisposedException("资源已被释放");
- }
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- _isDisposed = true;
- }
- }
- {
- var constant = new Resource();
- Expression<Func<int, int>> expression = (b) => constant.Argument + b;
- var func = expression.Compile();
- try
- {
- // 释放后入参执行
- constant.Dispose();
- Console.WriteLine(func(1));
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex);
- // 异常
- //System.ObjectDisposedException: Cannot access a disposed object.Object name: '资源已被释放'
- }
- }
复制代码
解释
解析表达式树能够让我们更好的理解和创建复杂的代码结构树,下面是一个简单的demo我直接从官网复制的。他解释了这个表达式的类型、参数、返回类型、以及表达式体的左右结构- Expression<Func<int, int, int>> addition = (a, b) => a + b;
- Console.WriteLine($"This expression is a {addition.NodeType} expression type");
- Console.WriteLine($"The name of the lambda is {((addition.Name == null) ? "<null>" : addition.Name)}");
- Console.WriteLine($"The return type is {addition.ReturnType.ToString()}");
- Console.WriteLine($"The expression has {addition.Parameters.Count} arguments. They are:");
- foreach (var argumentExpression in addition.Parameters)
- {
- Console.WriteLine($"\tParameter Type: {argumentExpression.Type.ToString()}, Name: {argumentExpression.Name}");
- }
- var additionBody = (BinaryExpression)addition.Body;
- Console.WriteLine($"The body is a {additionBody.NodeType} expression");
- Console.WriteLine($"The left side is a {additionBody.Left.NodeType} expression");
- var left = (ParameterExpression)additionBody.Left;
- Console.WriteLine($"\tParameter Type: {left.Type.ToString()}, Name: {left.Name}");
- Console.WriteLine($"The right side is a {additionBody.Right.NodeType} expression");
- var right = (ParameterExpression)additionBody.Right;
- Console.WriteLine($"\tParameter Type: {right.Type.ToString()}, Name: {right.Name}");
复制代码 输出:
如上所示是一个很简单的表达式树,依次解析表达式树的本身信息->表达式结构体->结构体的左右表达式,在表达式中每一个参数变量都是一个表达式结构。如果想要解析更复杂的表达式,我们需要递归从外层依次从左往右剥离这个表达式树,在ExpressionType这个枚举中我们能看到所有的表达式类型(80余种),笔者自己在代码种匹配了27种表达式类型的解析。下面给出一些案例和完成的解析代码:
完整解析类:
- // Base Visitor class:
- public abstract class Visitor
- {
- private readonly Expression node;
- protected Visitor(Expression node) => this.node = node;
- public abstract void Visit(string prefix);
- public ExpressionType NodeType => node.NodeType;
- protected void ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor consoleColor, string key, bool isLine)
- {
- Console.ForegroundColor = consoleColor;
- if (isLine)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(key);
- }
- else
- {
- Console.Write(key);
- }
- Console.ResetColor();
- }
- //27
- public static Visitor CreateFromExpression(Expression node) =>
- node.NodeType switch
- {
- ExpressionType.Lambda => new LambdaVisitor((LambdaExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Add => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.AddChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.AddAssign => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.AddAssignChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
-
- ExpressionType.Subtract => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.SubtractChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.SubtractAssign => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.SubtractAssignChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Multiply => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.MultiplyAssign => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.MultiplyAssignChecked => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Divide => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.DivideAssign => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Modulo => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.ModuloAssign => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.GreaterThan => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.OrElse => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Constant => new ConstantVisitor((ConstantExpression)node),
-
- ExpressionType.Parameter => new ParameterVisitor((ParameterExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Equal => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Conditional => new ConditionalVisitor((ConditionalExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Call => new MethodCallVisitor((MethodCallExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.MemberAccess => new MemberAccessVisitor((MemberExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.Convert => new ConvertVisitor((UnaryExpression)node),
- ExpressionType.MemberInit => new NewVisitor((MemberInitExpression)node),
-
- _ => new BinaryVisitor((BinaryExpression)node),
- };
- }
- // New Visitor: 类型初始化
- public class NewVisitor : Visitor {
- private readonly MemberInitExpression node;
- public NewVisitor(MemberInitExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}New Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.NewExpression}", true);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Members:");
- foreach (MemberAssignment item in node.Bindings)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}\t");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{item.Member}", true);
- var member = CreateFromExpression(item.Expression);
- member.Visit(prefix + "\t\t");
- }
- }
- }
- // Convert Visitor: 一元运算符
- public class ConvertVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly UnaryExpression node;
- public ConvertVisitor(UnaryExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}To Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Type}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}To Type Body:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Operand}", true);
- var left = CreateFromExpression(node.Operand);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Analysis Body:");
- left.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- }
- // MemberAccess Visitor: 属性访问器
- public class MemberAccessVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly MemberExpression node;
- public MemberAccessVisitor(MemberExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}In:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Member.DeclaringType}", true);
- string type = node.Member.MemberType switch
- {
- MemberTypes.Event => ((EventInfo)node.Member).EventHandlerType.Name,
- MemberTypes.Field => ((FieldInfo)node.Member).FieldType.Name,
- MemberTypes.Method => ((MethodInfo)node.Member).ReturnType.Name,
- MemberTypes.Property => ((PropertyInfo)node.Member).PropertyType.Name,
- _ => throw new ArgumentException
- (
- "Input MemberInfo must be if type EventInfo, FieldInfo, MethodInfo, or PropertyInfo"
- )
- };
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{type}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Name:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Member.Name}", true);
- }
- }
- // Lambda Visitor: Lambda表达式
- public class LambdaVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly LambdaExpression node;
- public LambdaVisitor(LambdaExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Name:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{((node.Name == null) ? "<null>" : node.Name)}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}ReturnType:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.ReturnType}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Parameters:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Parameters.Count}", true);
- for (int i = 0; i < node.Parameters.Count; i++)
- {
- var argumentVisitor = CreateFromExpression(node.Parameters[i]);
- argumentVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Analysis Body:");
- var bodyVisitor = CreateFromExpression(node.Body);
- bodyVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- }
- // Binary Expression Visitor:二进制运算符
- public class BinaryVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly BinaryExpression node;
- public BinaryVisitor(BinaryExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- var left = CreateFromExpression(node.Left);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Left Analysis:");
- left.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- var right = CreateFromExpression(node.Right);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Right Analysis:");
- right.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- }
-
- // Parameter visitor: 参数类型
- public class ParameterVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly ParameterExpression node;
- public ParameterVisitor(ParameterExpression node) : base(node)
- {
- this.node = node;
- }
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Name:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Name}", false);
- Console.Write($" Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Type}", false);
- Console.Write($" ByRef:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.IsByRef}", true);
- }
- }
- // Constant visitor: 常数类型
- public class ConstantVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly ConstantExpression node;
- public ConstantVisitor(ConstantExpression node) : base(node) => this.node = node;
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Type}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Value:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{node.Value}", true);
- }
- }
- // Conditional visitor: 条件处理
- public class ConditionalVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly ConditionalExpression node;
- public ConditionalVisitor(ConditionalExpression node) : base(node)
- {
- this.node = node;
- }
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- var testVisitor = Visitor.CreateFromExpression(node.Test);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Analysis Test:");
- testVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- var trueVisitor = Visitor.CreateFromExpression(node.IfTrue);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Analysis IfTrue:");
- trueVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- var falseVisitor = Visitor.CreateFromExpression(node.IfFalse);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Analysis IfFalse:");
- falseVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- }
- // MethodCall visitor: 方法调用
- public class MethodCallVisitor : Visitor
- {
- private readonly MethodCallExpression node;
- public MethodCallVisitor(MethodCallExpression node) : base(node)
- {
- this.node = node;
- }
- public override void Visit(string prefix)
- {
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Expression Node Type:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkBlue, $"{NodeType}", false);
- Console.Write($" => ");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.Green, $"{node}", true);
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Static or Receiver:");
- if (node.Object == null)
- {
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"static", true);
- }
- else
- {
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"receiver (this)", true);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Method Analysis:");
- var receiverVisitor = Visitor.CreateFromExpression(node.Object);
- receiverVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- var methodInfo = node.Method;
- Console.Write($"{prefix}Method Name:");
- ForegroundColor(ConsoleColor.DarkGray, $"{methodInfo.DeclaringType}.{methodInfo.Name}", true);
- Console.WriteLine($"{prefix}Arguments:");
- foreach (var arg in node.Arguments)
- {
- var argVisitor = Visitor.CreateFromExpression(arg);
- argVisitor.Visit(prefix + "\t");
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 View Codedemo1:(demo1的出输出太长无法贴图,建议读者自己尝试)- public class TestMonths
- {
- public int Conver32(int a)
- {
- return Convert.ToInt32(a);
- }
- }
- TestMonths testMonths = new TestMonths();
- var gg = 99;
- Expression<Func<UserInfo, int, int, double>> exception = (user, a, b) => user.Age + (a / b) * a - b + a - (b + b) + (a % b) + (a > b ? a : b) / user.Level * gg + testMonths.Conver32(user.Level);
- LambdaVisitor visitor = new LambdaVisitor(exception);
- visitor.Visit("解析二进制运算:");
- Console.WriteLine("\t");
复制代码 demo2:- Expression<Func<UserInfo, UserInfoModel>> lambda = (user) => new UserInfoModel
- {
- Age = user.Age,
- Level = EF.Functions.DataLength(user.Name) ?? 0,
- Name = user.Name
- };
- LambdaVisitor visitor3 = new LambdaVisitor(lambda);
- visitor3.Visit("解析查询表达式:");
复制代码
创建
只有了解了他的构造,我们才懂得如何创建,下面给出两个例子分别是最常用的属性访问器和条件判断表达式- //属性访问器
- {
- //需要构建的表达式
- Expression<Func<UserInfo, int>> left = (user) => user.Age;
- //1.创建访问对象表达式 =>(user)
- var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(UserInfo), "user");
- //
- //2.创建访问属性表达式 =>(user.Age)
- // @expression 我们需要访问成员的归属对象
- // @member 成员访问器
- var member = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(param, typeof(UserInfo).GetMember("Age").FirstOrDefault()!);
- //3.创建Lambda表达式
- var lambda = Expression.Lambda(member, param);
- //测试编译输出 18
- Console.WriteLine(lambda.Compile().DynamicInvoke(new UserInfo { Age = 18 }));
- }
- //条件判断表达式
- {
- //需要构建的表达式
- Expression<Func<UserInfo, bool>> left = (user) => user.Age > 9;
- //1.创建访问对象表达式 =>(user)
- var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(UserInfo), "user");
- //
- //2.创建访问属性表达式 =>(user.Age)
- // @expression 我们需要访问成员的归属对象
- // @member 成员访问器
- var member = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(param, typeof(UserInfo).GetMember("Age").FirstOrDefault()!);
- //
- //3.创建常量表达式 =>(9)
- var constant = Expression.Constant(9);
- //
- //4.创建条件判断表达式 =>(>)
- var greaterThan = Expression.GreaterThan(member, constant);
- //5.创建Lambda表达式
- var lambda = Expression.Lambda(greaterThan, param);
- //测试编译输出 True
- Console.WriteLine(lambda.Compile().DynamicInvoke(new UserInfo { Age = 18 }));
- }
复制代码 如上所述,通过解析表达式反推创建表达式树是一种不错的方法,还有更加复杂的创建方式不再介绍,笔者只提供思路。
在这里推荐一个不错的库可以直接将表达式树解释成C#或VB代码ExpressionTreeToString
只要你掌握了规则,我相信这对你来说不是难事。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/largeprob/p/18026782
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