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基本概念
事件溯源(Event Sourcing)是一种设计模式,它记录并存储了应用程序状态变化的所有事件。
其核心思想是将系统中的每次状态变化都视为一个事件,并将这些事件以时间顺序的方式持久化存储。
这样,通过重放这些事件,我们可以重建系统在任何特定时间点的状态。
每个事件通常都包含了描述状态变化的必要信息,以及发生状态变化的原因和时间戳。
工作原理
工作原理方面,事件溯源主要依赖于两个关键部分:事件生成和事件存储。
当系统中发生状态变化时,会生成一个或多个事件,这些事件随后被存储到事件存储中。
事件存储需要设计成高可用、高一致且可伸缩的,以支持大规模的系统操作。
之后,当需要重建系统状态时,只需从事件存储中按顺序读取事件,并依次应用这些事件到系统状态即可。
使用场景
在Orleans7中,事件溯源主要应用在以下几个场景:
- 分布式系统状态同步:在分布式系统中,各个节点之间的状态同步是一个重要问题。通过事件溯源,每个节点都可以记录并发送自己的状态变化事件,其他节点则可以通过订阅这些事件来同步自己的状态。
- 历史数据追踪和审计:在某些业务场景下,需要追踪系统的历史操作记录,以进行审计或分析。事件溯源提供了完整的操作历史,可以方便地查询和回放历史事件。
- 容错和恢复:当系统发生故障时,通过事件溯源可以方便地恢复到故障发生前的状态,或者根据事件日志进行故障排查。
优势
事件溯源在Orleans7中带来了以下优势:
- 数据完整性和一致性:由于事件溯源记录了所有状态变化的历史,因此可以确保数据的完整性和一致性。
- 灵活性和可扩展性:事件溯源的设计使得系统可以很容易地添加新的状态变化事件,同时也支持大规模的系统扩展。
- 容错和恢复能力:通过事件溯源,可以轻松地恢复到系统的任何历史状态,大大提高了系统的容错和恢复能力。
- 清晰的业务逻辑:每个事件都代表了一个具体的业务操作,因此通过查看事件日志,可以清晰地了解系统的业务逻辑和操作流程。
总的来说,事件溯源是一种强大而灵活的设计模式,它在Orleans7中的应用为分布式系统带来了诸多优势。对于软件开发者来说,理解和掌握事件溯源机制,将有助于构建更加健壮、可靠和可扩展的分布式系统。
示例
下面使用事件溯源,来跟踪一个账户的变更记录。
首先需要安装必须的nuget包- [/code]然后设置Orleans,除了Orleans的常规设置外,还需要 siloHostBuilder.AddLogStorageBasedLogConsistencyProvider("LogStorage") 来设置LogConsistencyProvider
- [code]builder.Host.UseOrleans(static siloHostBuilder =>
- {
- var invariant = "System.Data.SqlClient";
- var connectionString = "Data Source=localhost\\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=orleanstest;User Id=sa;Password=12334;";
- siloHostBuilder.AddLogStorageBasedLogConsistencyProvider("LogStorage");
- // Use ADO.NET for clustering
- siloHostBuilder.UseAdoNetClustering(options =>
- {
- options.Invariant = invariant;
- options.ConnectionString = connectionString;
- }).ConfigureLogging(logging => logging.AddConsole());
- siloHostBuilder.Configure<ClusterOptions>(options =>
- {
- options.ClusterId = "my-first-cluster";
- options.ServiceId = "SampleApp";
- });
- // Use ADO.NET for persistence
- siloHostBuilder.AddAdoNetGrainStorage("GrainStorageForTest", options =>
- {
- options.Invariant = invariant;
- options.ConnectionString = connectionString;
- //options.GrainStorageSerializer = new JsonGrainStorageSerializer()
-
- });
- });
复制代码 定义账户的存储和提取事件类- // the classes below represent events/transactions on the account
- // all fields are user-defined (none have a special meaning),
- // so these can be any type of object you like, as long as they are serializable
- // (so they can be sent over the wire and persisted in a log).
- [Serializable]
- [GenerateSerializer]
- public abstract class Transaction
- {
- /// <summary> A unique identifier for this transaction </summary>
- [Id(0)]
- public Guid Guid { get; set; }
- /// <summary> A description for this transaction </summary>
- [Id(1)]
- public string Description { get; set; }
- /// <summary> time on which the request entered the system </summary>
- [Id(2)]
- public DateTime IssueTime { get; set; }
- }
- [Serializable]
- [GenerateSerializer]
- public class DepositTransaction : Transaction
- {
- [Id(0)]
- public uint DepositAmount { get; set; }
- }
- [Serializable]
- [GenerateSerializer]
- public class WithdrawalTransaction : Transaction
- {
- [Id(0)]
- public uint WithdrawalAmount { get; set; }
- }
复制代码 再定义账户的Grain,其中有存钱,取钱,获取余额,与变更记录操作
Grain类必须具有 LogConsistencyProviderAttribute 才能指定日志一致性提供程序。 还需要 StorageProviderAttribute设置存储。- /// <summary>
- /// An example of a journaled grain that models a bank account.
- ///
- /// Configured to use the default storage provider.
- /// Configured to use the LogStorage consistency provider.
- ///
- /// This provider persists all events, and allows us to retrieve them all.
- /// </summary>
- /// <summary>
- /// A grain that models a bank account
- /// </summary>
- public interface IAccountGrain : IGrainWithStringKey
- {
- Task<uint> Balance();
- Task Deposit(uint amount, Guid guid, string desc);
- Task<bool> Withdraw(uint amount, Guid guid, string desc);
- Task<IReadOnlyList<Transaction>> GetTransactionLog();
- }
- [StorageProvider(ProviderName = "GrainStorageForTest")]
- [LogConsistencyProvider(ProviderName = "LogStorage")]
- public class AccountGrain : JournaledGrain<AccountGrain.GrainState, Transaction>, IAccountGrain
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// The state of this grain is just the current balance.
- /// </summary>
- [Serializable]
- [Orleans.GenerateSerializer]
- public class GrainState
- {
- [Orleans.Id(0)]
- public uint Balance { get; set; }
- public void Apply(DepositTransaction d)
- {
- Balance = Balance + d.DepositAmount;
- }
- public void Apply(WithdrawalTransaction d)
- {
- if (d.WithdrawalAmount > Balance)
- throw new InvalidOperationException("we make sure this never happens");
- Balance = Balance - d.WithdrawalAmount;
- }
- }
- public Task<uint> Balance()
- {
- return Task.FromResult(State.Balance);
- }
- public Task Deposit(uint amount, Guid guid, string description)
- {
- RaiseEvent(new DepositTransaction()
- {
- Guid = guid,
- IssueTime = DateTime.UtcNow,
- DepositAmount = amount,
- Description = description
- });
- // we wait for storage ack
- return ConfirmEvents();
- }
- public Task<bool> Withdraw(uint amount, Guid guid, string description)
- {
- // if the balance is too low, can't withdraw
- // reject it immediately
- if (State.Balance < amount)
- return Task.FromResult(false);
- // use a conditional event for withdrawal
- // (conditional events commit only if the version hasn't already changed in the meantime)
- // this is important so we can guarantee that we never overdraw
- // even if racing with other clusters, of in transient duplicate grain situations
- return RaiseConditionalEvent(new WithdrawalTransaction()
- {
- Guid = guid,
- IssueTime = DateTime.UtcNow,
- WithdrawalAmount = amount,
- Description = description
- });
- }
- public Task<IReadOnlyList<Transaction>> GetTransactionLog()
- {
- return RetrieveConfirmedEvents(0, Version);
- }
- }
复制代码 最后即可通过client生成grain,并获取账户变动记录- var palyer = client.GetGrain<IAccountGrain>("zhangsan");
- await palyer.Deposit(1000, Guid.NewGuid(), "aaa");
- var logs = await palyer.GetTransactionLog();
- return Results.Ok(logs);
复制代码
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyishi/p/18099103
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