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前言
在需要权限控制的页面,往往存在根据用户来显示菜单的情况,单独根据用户类型判断显然不是很好,如果后面用户类型发生变化,项目修改维护可能就会比较麻烦,所以比较好的做法是根据后端返回的菜单动态生成页面路由,以达到完全权限控制的目的,并且若权限发生变化,仅需该配置数据即可
1.创建项目
首先用vue-cli3创建好项目
2.新建文件
创建好项目后,新建我们需要的文件。结构如图
下载相关依赖包 :element-ui(菜单样式用) 和 axios(获取菜单用)- npm i element-ui axios --save
复制代码 3.到main.js中
- import Vue from 'vue'
- import App from './App.vue'
- import router from './router'
- import elementUi from 'element-ui'
- import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
- Vue.use(elementUi)
- Vue.config.productionTip = false
- new Vue({
- router,
- render: h => h(App)
- }).$mount('#app')
复制代码 4.先把菜单组件写好,到menu.vue中
这里使用element-ui的el-menu组件- <template>
- <div class="menulist-inner">
- <el-menu
- default-active="/project"
- :default-openeds="openedMenu"
- background-color="rgba(44,55,71,1)"
- text-color="#A7BAC6"
- active-text-color="#FFFFFF"
- @select="select"
- unique-opened
- @open="open">
- <el-submenu :index="menu.path" v-for="(menu,index) in menus" :key="index">
- <template #title>
- <div class="menuTitlBox">
- <div class="rowBtween menuTitle">
- <div class="rowStart">
- <div class="iconBox" style="margin-right:10px;">
- <i v-if="/icon/.test(menu.icon)" class="iconfont" :class="menu.icon" style="
- color:#A7BAC6;font-size:16px;"></i>
-
- </div>
- <span class="font16" :class="{whiteText:(!menu.children || !menu.children.length) && new RegExp(menu.path).test($route.path)}">{{menu.label}}</span>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="firstMenuBk" v-if="(!menu.children || !menu.children.length) && new RegExp(menu.path).test($route.path)"></div>
- </div>
- </template>
- <div class="menuItemBox rowEnd"
- v-for="(cMenu,cIndex) in menu.children"
- :key="cIndex"
- :class="{activeMenu:RegExp(cMenu.path).test($route.path)}"
- @click="select(cMenu)"
- >
- <span class="rowStart font14">{{cMenu.label}}</span>
- </div>
- </el-submenu>
- </el-menu>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script>
- import {mapState}from 'vuex'
- export default {
- name: "Menu",
- data() {
- return{
- menuMinHeight:0,//
- openedMenu:[],//展开的菜单
- }
- },
- computed:{
- ...mapState(['menus'])
- },
- created(){
- let pathArr=this.$route.path.split('/')
- this.openedMenu=[`/${pathArr[1]}`]
- },
- async mounted() {
- },
- methods: {
- //中菜单
- select(cMenu){
- // console.log(cMenu)
- let {routeName}=cMenu
- this.$router.push({
- name:routeName
- })
- },
- //菜单展开
- open(index,indexPath){
- // console.log(indexPath)
- this.openedMenu=indexPath
- let menu=this.menus.filter(item=>item.path===index)
- // console.log(menu)
- let routeMenuInfo={}
- let time=0
- if(!menu[0] || !menu[0].children || !menu[0].children.length){
- routeMenuInfo=menu[0]
- }else{
- routeMenuInfo=menu[0].children[0]
- time=500
- }
- let {path,}=routeMenuInfo
- // console.log(path)
- setTimeout(()=>{
- this.$router.push(path)
- },time)
- },
- }
- }
- </script>
- <style lang="scss" scoped>
- .menulist-inner{
- min-height:calc(100vh - 50px);
- .menuItemBox{
- height:36px;
- &:hover{
- background:rgba(62,70,120,.4);
- &>span{
- color: #fff;
- }
- }
- span{
- color:#ffffff;
- flex-wrap:nowrap;
- width:150px;
- cursor:pointer;
- }
- }
- .activeMenu{
- background:rgba(62,70,120,1);
- }
- }
- .menuTitlBox{
- .menuTitle{
- position: relative;
- z-index: 10;
- }
- .firstMenuBk{
- position: absolute;
- left:0;
- top:50%;
- width:200px;
- height:56px;
- background:#3e4678;
- -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
- -moz-transform: translateY(-50%);
- -ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
- -o-transform: translateY(-50%);
- transform: translateY(-50%);
- }
- .whiteText{
- color:#ffffff;
- }
- }
- </style>
- <style>
- .el-submenu{
- position: relative;
- }
- .el-menu{
- border:none !important;
- }
- .el-submenu__icon-arrow{
- width:0;
- height:0;
- color:transparent;
- }
- .el-submenu__icon-arrow:before{
- content:'' !important;
- }
- .el-submenu__icon-arrow:before{
- content:'' !important;
- }
- .el-submenu__title{
- background:rgba(44,55,71,1) !important;
- margin-bottom:5px;
- height:46px !important;
- line-height: 46px !important;
- }
- .el-menu.el-menu--inline{
- background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.2) !important;
- }
- .menulist-inner .menuItemBox.rowEnd span{
- color: #A7BAC6;
- }
- .menulist-inner .menuItemBox.rowEnd.activeMenu span{
- color: #fff;
- }
- </style>
复制代码 5.注册全局组件
将menu组件注册为全局组件,方便需要的地方直接引入
到global-components.js文件中- /*
- 全局组件引入注册
- */
- import Menu from "../global-components/menu" //菜单
- export default {
- install(Vue) {
- Vue.component('Menu',Menu)
- }
- };
复制代码 6.到router文件夹写好路由模块
6.1 base-router.js中写好我们需要的固定的路由
- /**
- * 页面上固定路由
- */
- import Layout from '../views/layout/layout'
- import Login from '../views/login/login'
- import Loading from '../views/loading/loading'
- const routes = [
- {
- path: '/',
- redirect: '/loading',
- },
- {
- path: '/layout',
- component:Layout,
- redirect: '/loading',
- },
- {
- path: '/login',
- name: 'Login',
- component: Login
- },
- {
- path: '/loading',
- name: 'Loading',
- component: Loading
- },
- ]
- export default routes
复制代码 6.2 lm-router.js中写动态配置路由的方法
- import {setUserRoutesData} from "../utils/global-methods";
- const RouterPlugin = function() {
- this.$router = null
- this.$store = null
- }
- RouterPlugin.install = function(router, store) {
- this.$router = router
- this.$store = store
- this.$router.$lmRouter = {
- // 全局配置
- safe: this,
- // 动态路由
- formatRoutes:function (routes) {
- let routers=setUserRoutesData(routes)
- this.safe.$router.addRoutes(routers)
- return routers
- }
- }
- }
- export default RouterPlugin
复制代码 6.3 index.js中写路由入口
- import Vue from 'vue'
- import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
- import baseRoutes from './base-router'
- import store from '../store'
- import LmRouter from './lm-router'
- Vue.use(VueRouter)
- const createRouter = () => {
- return new VueRouter({
- scrollBehavior (to, from, savedPosition) {
- if (savedPosition) {
- return savedPosition
- } else {
- return {
- x: 0,
- y: to.meta.savedPosition || 0
- }
- }
- },
- routes: [...baseRoutes],
- mode:'history',//
- })
- }
- let router = createRouter()
- /**
- resetRouter函数用于重置路由,每一次动态配置路由之前要先重置路由
- **/
- export function resetRouter() {
- const newRouter = createRouter()
- router.matcher = newRouter.matcher // reset router
- LmRouter.install(router, store)
- }
- /**
- 当用户刷新页面时,路由数据会丢失,如果已经登录,需要重新渲染路由。渲染的路由数据在登录时存在浏览器本地
- **/
- if(sessionStorage.getItem('hasLogin')){
- let sessionMenus=localStorage.getItem('menus')
- sessionMenus=sessionMenus ? JSON.parse(sessionMenus) : []
- let sessionRoutes=localStorage.getItem('userRoutes')
- LmRouter.install(router, store)
- sessionRoutes=sessionRoutes ? JSON.parse(sessionRoutes) : []
- router.$lmRouter.formatRoutes(sessionRoutes, true)
- store.dispatch('setUserRoutes',sessionRoutes)
- store.dispatch('setMenus',sessionMenus)
- }
- router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
- let hasLogin = sessionStorage.getItem('hasLogin')
- // console.log(to, from)
- if(to.name===from.name){
- return
- }
- console.log(hasLogin)
- if(to.name==='Login'){
- sessionStorage.clear()
- localStorage.clear()
- store.state.userRoutes=[]
- store.state.menus=[]
- next({replace:true})
- resetRouter()
- return
- }
- if (!hasLogin) {
- next({path: '/login',replace:true})
- return
- }
- next()
- })
- /**
- * 解决element-ui点击同一个菜单报错
- * @type {VueRouter.push|*}
- */
- const originalPush = VueRouter.prototype.push
- VueRouter.prototype.push = function push(location) {
- return originalPush.call(this, location).catch(err => err)
- }
- export default router
复制代码 7.容器页和加载页
大部分有二级菜单的页面,父级页面通常只需要路由跳转功能,代码一致,为了精简代码,我们新建通用的路由容器页面layout.vue,二级菜单路由页面经layout页面跳转
为避免用户在浏览器直接输入、粘贴路径时,或者直接访问页面根路径时找不到路由(因为用户可能已经登录了,但这是没有已经登录界面),我们新建loading.vue,当用户粘贴路径,或者访问根路径时,在loading.vue中渲染路由
7.1 layout.vue
- <!--Layout-->
- <template>
- <div>
- <header class="header">头部</header>
- <div class="main">
- <div class="aside">
- <Menu/>
- </div>
- <div class="mainRight columnStart">
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script>
- export default {
- name: 'Layout',
- }
- </script>
复制代码 7.2 loading.vue
- <!--加载页面-->
- <template>
- <div class="loadingBox">
- <div class="loadingContentbox columnCenter">
- <i class="el-icon-loading gray999"></i>
- <div class="gray999 font16">页面加载中...</div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script>
- import {reqUserRoutes} from "../../api/common";
- import {setUserRoutesData,getAndFilterMenus,} from "../../utils/global-methods";
- export default {
- name: 'Loading',
- data() {
- return {}
- },
- computed: {},
- created(){
- let hasLogin = sessionStorage.getItem('hasLogin')
- if(!hasLogin){
- this.$router.replace('/login')
- }else{
- let menus=localStorage.getItem('menus')
- let userRoutes=localStorage.getItem('userRoutes')
- userRoutes=userRoutes ? JSON.parse(userRoutes) : []
- menus=menus ? JSON.parse(menus) : []
- if(!menus.length || !userRoutes.length){
- this.getMenuRoutes()
- return
- }
- let userInfo=getUserInfoFromLocalStorage()
- this.$store.dispatch('setUserInfo',userInfo)
- let {permissions=[]}=userInfo
- this.$store.dispatch('setPermissions',permissions)
- this.$router.replace((userRoutes[0] && userRoutes[0].path) ? userRoutes[0].path : '/404')
- }
- },
- methods: {
- //获取菜单和路由
- async getMenuRoutes(){
- let userRoutes=await reqUserRoutes()
- console.log(userRoutes)
- let menus=getAndFilterMenus(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(userRoutes)))
- if(!menus.length){
- this.$router.replace('/login')
- return
- }
- localStorage.setItem('userRoutes',JSON.stringify(userRoutes))
- localStorage.setItem('menus',JSON.stringify(menus))
- userRoutes=setUserRoutesData([...userRoutes])
- this.$store.dispatch('setUserRoutes',userRoutes)
- this.$store.dispatch('setMenus',menus)
- this.$router.addRoutes([...userRoutes])
- this.$router.replace((userRoutes[0] && userRoutes[0].path) ? userRoutes[0].path : '/404')
- }
- },
- }
- </script>
- <style scoped lang="scss">
- .loadingBox{
- .loadingContentbox{
- position: absolute;
- left:50%;
- top:50%;
- -webkit-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -moz-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -ms-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -o-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- .el-icon-loading{
- font-size: 40px;
- margin-bottom:10px;
- }
- }
- }
- </style>
复制代码 8.写筛选菜单和路由的方法
到utils,global-methods.js中写菜单筛选和路由数据方法
首先我们假设后端返回的数据为如下结构(仅列出关键字段)- [
- {
- label:'人员管理',
- path:'/person',
- isLeftMenu:1,
- routeName:'Person',
- isContainer:1,
- children:[
- {
- label:'人员列表',
- path:'/person/person-list',
- routeName:'PersonList',
- isLeftMenu:1,
- component:'/person/person-list',
- },
- {
- label:'新增人员',
- path:'/person/person-add',
- routeName:'PersonAdd',
- component:'/person/person-add',
- isLeftMenu:0
- }
- ]
- },
- {
- label:'订单管理',
- path:'/order',
- isLeftMenu:1,
- routeName:'Order',
- component:'/order/order',
- isContainer:0,
- }
- ]
复制代码 其中 label 为菜单显示标题,path 是路由路径,isLeftMenu用于区分是否为菜单,这里isLeftMenu=1表示是菜单,routeName路由名,isContainer用于区分路由是否经过容器组件layout,这里isContainer=1表示使用layout容器,component用于指定组件引入的路径
根据上面的数据结构,我们新建好对应得vue文件- // 公共函数模块,用import引用
- // 根据日期时间值获取字符串各是日期
- import Layout from '../views/layout/layout'
- //获取并筛选菜单
- export const getAndFilterMenus=(menus)=> {
- // console.log(menus)
- menus=hanldeChildAppRoute(menus)
- for(let i=0;i<menus.length;i++){
- delete menus[i].component
- //只有leLeftMeu=1的是菜单
- if(!parseInt(menus[i].isLeftMenu)){
- menus.splice(i,1)
- i--
- }
- if(menus[i] && menus[i].children){
- getAndFilterMenus(menus[i].children)
- }
- }
- return menus
- }
- //处理用户路由数据
- export const setUserRoutesData=(routes,isChild)=>{
- // console.log(routes)
- !isChild && (routes=hanldeChildAppRoute(routes))
- for(let i=0;i<routes.length;i++){
- let {component,isContainer,routeName,keepAlive}=routes[i]
- // console.log(routes[i])
- //如果指定使用路由容器组件layout,即isContainer=1,那么路由的component值就是Layout组件
- if(parseInt(isContainer)){
- routes[i].component=Layout
- }else{
- //不使用容器组件的,根据component用Import动态引入
- routes[i].component= () => import( `../views${component}`)
- }
- routes[i].name=routeName
- /**
- 如果有子路由,那就用递归继续生成路由
- **/
- if((routes[i].children instanceof Array) && routes[i].children.length){
- setUserRoutesData(routes[i].children,isChild)
- }
- }
- return routes
- }
复制代码 9. 登录成功后生成路由
最后看下登录页,我们将在登录成功后获取菜单数据,然后动态生成页面路由,并且通过Vue路由的addRoutes方法将路由添加到VueRouter中- <template>
- <div class="login-wrap">
- <div class="loginContent">
- <div class="rowBtween loginFormBox">
- <el-form :model="loginForm" :rules="rules" ref="loginForm" class="loginForm">
- <el-row class="loginTitleBox">
- <span class="loginTitle font20">登录/Login</span>
- </el-row>
- <el-row>
- <lm-form-item-col :span="24" v-model.number="loginForm.username" prefix-icon="el-icon-user" placeholder="请输入用户名" prop="username" width="300"/>
- </el-row>
- <el-row>
- <lm-form-item-col :span="24" type="password" v-model="loginForm.password" prefix-icon="el-icon-lock" placeholder="请输入登录密码" prop="password" width="300"/>
- </el-row>
- <div class="rowCenter loginBtnBox" >
- <div class="loginBtn rowCenter font16" @click="submitForm">
- <span>登录</span>
- <div v-if="showLoading">
- <span>中</span>
- <i class="el-icon-loading"></i>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </el-form>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
- <script>
- import {mapState} from 'vuex'
- import axios from 'axios'
- import {reqUserRoutes} from "../../api/common";
- import {setUserRoutesData,getAndFilterMenus,} from "../../utils/global-methods";
- import {resetRouter} from '../../router'
- import baseRoutes from '../../router/base-router'
- export default {
- data() {
- return {
- loginForm: {},
- rules: {
- username: [ { required: true, message: '请输入用户名', trigger: 'blur' } ],
- password: [ { required: true, message: '请输入密码', trigger: 'blur' }, ],
- },//规则
- showLoading:false,//是否显示加载
- }
- },
- methods: {
- //登录
- async submitForm() {
- sessionStorage.clear()//清除所有缓存
- localStorage.clear()
- await this.$refs.loginForm.validate()
- this.showLoading=true
- axios({
- url:`/login`,
- method:'POST',
- data:this.loginForm
- }).then(async response=>{
- console.log(response)
- if(response){
- let userRoutes=await reqUserRoutes()
- localStorage.setItem(userRoutes,JSON.stringify(userRoutes))
- userRoutes=setUserRoutesData(JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(userRoutes)))
- console.log(userRoutes)
- this.$store.dispatch('setUserRoutes',JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(userRoutes)))
- let menus=getAndFilterMenus([...baseRoutes,...JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(userRoutes))])
- localStorage.setItem(menus,JSON.stringify(menus))
- //重置路由
- resetRouter()
- // console.log(router)
- //通过addRoutes方法添加路由
- this.$router.addRoutes([...userRoutes])
- // console.log(router)
- 将菜单存到vuex
- this.$store.dispatch('setMenus',menus)
- if(!menus.length || !userRoutes.length){
- return
- }
- setTimeout(()=>{
- router.replace(path)
- },500)
- }
- }).catch(error=>{
- console.error(error)
- this.showLoading=false
- })
- },
- },
- };
- </script>
- <style lang="scss" scoped>
- .login-wrap{
- position: relative;
- background:#111111;
- height:100vh;
- overflow: hidden;
- .loginContent{
- .loginFormBox{
- position: absolute;
- left:50%;
- top:50%;
- -webkit-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -moz-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -ms-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- -o-transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
- .loginForm{
- width:300px;
- padding:20px;
- .loginTitleBox{
- margin-bottom:36px;
- .loginTitle{
- color:#ffffff;
- }
- }
- .loginBtnBox{
- width:100%;
- margin-top:5vh;
- .loginBtn{
- width:100%;
- height:40px;
- background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(15,70,193,1),rgba(0,147,168,1));
- border-radius:4px;
- color:#ffffff;
- cursor:pointer;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- </style>
- <style>
- .login-wrap .el-input{
- border-bottom: 1px solid;
- border-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(1,233,189,1) 0%,rgba(0,124,222,1) 100%) 30 30;
- border-image: -moz-linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(1,233,189,1) 0%,rgba(0,124,222,1) 100%) 30 30;
- border-image: linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(1,233,189,1) 0%,rgba(0,124,222,1) 100%) 30 30;
- }
- .login-wrap .el-input__inner{
- background:transparent;
- -webkit-border-radius: 0;
- -moz-border-radius: 0;
- border-radius: 0;
- border:none;
- color:#ffffff;
- }
- .login-wrap .el-input-group__append{
- padding:0 !important;
- border:none !important;
- background:transparent !important;
- }
- </style>
复制代码 附:一些常见问题
1. 用 require 而不用 import
我们在根据字符串生成路由组件的时候,要用 require 而不是 import ,否则会报以下错误信息:
2. 侧边栏消失
在点击动态生成的路由时,页面可以正常跳转,但是测试边不见了。是因为 动态生成的路由没有作为 Layout 组件的子组件,应该添加到 Layout 组件的 children 数组中。
3. 页面无内容
在点击二级菜单的时候,页面是空白的,没有任何内容。以上面案例为例,我们只需要在对应组件的父目录下,新建 index.vue 文件,写入 <router-view /> 即可。
4. 二级菜单展示不全
这个问题不属于动态路由的问题,elementui 框架中,如果子菜单只有一个,那么就不会生成多级菜单的形式。
总结
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