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比较操作中使用不同的字符集或排序规则通常会触发此问题,MySQL 8.0 默认 COLLATE 为和 对应列 COLLATE 的不匹配。
问题现象
MySQL 5.7.34 升级到 8.0.32 后部分查询语句报错如下:
ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation 'find_in_set'
问题原因
比较操作中使用不同的字符集或排序规则通常会触发此问题,MySQL 8.0 默认 COLLATE 为和 对应列 COLLATE 的不匹配。
问题重现过程
创建测试表。- CREATE TABLE `t01` (
- `ID` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
- `A_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- `B_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) USING BTREE
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
复制代码 执行查询语句。- SELECT AAA.* FROM(
- SELECT
- @xxx AS _xxx,
- ( SELECT @xxx := GROUP_CONCAT( A_CODE ) FROM t01 WHERE FIND_IN_SET( B_CODE, @xxx ) ) AS cxxx
- FROM
- t01,( SELECT @xxx := 'xxx') b
- WHERE @xxx IS NOT NULL) ID,t01 AAA
- WHERE
- FIND_IN_SET( AAA.A_CODE, ID._xxx )
- order by A_CODE;
复制代码 报错。
ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation 'find_in_set'
问题分析
查看默认排序规则。- mysql> show collation like 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci';
- +--------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | Pad_attribute |
- +--------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 255 | Yes | Yes | 0 | NO PAD |
- +--------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show collation like 'utf8mb4_general_ci';
- +--------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | Pad_attribute |
- +--------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | | Yes | 1 | PAD SPACE |
- +--------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS WHERE IS_DEFAULT='Yes' and CHARACTER_SET_NAME='utf8mb4';
- +--------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+---------------+
- | COLLATION_NAME | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | ID | IS_DEFAULT | IS_COMPILED | SORTLEN | PAD_ATTRIBUTE |
- +--------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+---------------+
- | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 255 | Yes | Yes | 0 | NO PAD |
- +--------------------+--------------------+-----+------------+-------------+---------+---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 查看相关参数。- mysql> show variables like '%collation%';
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | collation_connection | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
- | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | default_collation_for_utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 其中:
- mysql> show global variables like '%collation%';
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | default_collation_for_utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 查看配置文件参数。- mysql@CJC-DB-01:/home/mysql$cat /etc/my.cnf
- ......
- [mysqld]
- collation_server = utf8mb4_general_ci
复制代码 可以看到,客户端局部会话变量 collation_connection 的值为,而全局变量值为,两者不一致。
这是由于服务端在客户端连接时,获取了客户端对字符集和排序规则的缺省设置,也就是。
解决方案
- 修改参数
- 修改表 COLLATE
- 修改 SQL 语句
1. 修改参数
参数在客户端局部变量值和全局变量值不一致,如何改成一致?官网参考材料- --character-set-client-handshake
- Command-Line Format:--character-set-client-handshake[={OFF|ON}]
- Deprecated:8.0.35
- Type:Boolean
- Default Value:ON
复制代码 参数说明
- 不忽略客户端发送的字符集信息
- 为了忽略客户端信息并使用默认的服务器字符集
- 使用参数:
- --skip-character-set-client-handshake
复制代码 此选项在 MySQL 8.0.35 及更高版本的 MySQL 8.0 中已被弃用。在该版本中,无论何时使用此选项,都会发出警告,并将在未来版本的 MySQL 中删除。
依赖此选项的应用程序应该尽快开始迁移。
添加 my.cnf 参数。- [mysqld]
- skip-character-set-client-handshake
复制代码 重启 MySQL。- mysqladmin -uroot -p****** shutdown
- mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
- 登录
- mysql -uroot -p cjc
- 查看参数,collation_connection 参数值修改成功
- mysql> show global variables like '%collation%';
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | default_collation_for_utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like '%collation%';
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- | collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
- | default_collation_for_utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
- +-------------------------------+--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 再次执行,问题解决。- SELECT AAA.* FROM(
- SELECT
- @xxx AS _xxx,
- ( SELECT @xxx := GROUP_CONCAT( A_CODE ) FROM t01 WHERE FIND_IN_SET( B_CODE, @xxx ) ) AS cxxx
- FROM
- t01,( SELECT @xxx := 'xxx') b
- WHERE @xxx IS NOT NULL) ID,t01 AAA
- WHERE
- FIND_IN_SET( AAA.A_CODE, ID._xxx )
- order by A_CODE;Empty set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
复制代码 2. 修改表 COLLATE
先改回原参数,查询报错。- SELECT AAA.* FROM(
- SELECT
- @xxx AS _xxx,
- ( SELECT @xxx := GROUP_CONCAT( A_CODE ) FROM t01 WHERE FIND_IN_SET( B_CODE, @xxx ) ) AS cxxx
- FROM
- t01,( SELECT @xxx := 'xxx') b
- WHERE @xxx IS NOT NULL) ID,t01 AAA
- WHERE
- FIND_IN_SET( AAA.A_CODE, ID._xxx )
- order by A_CODE;ERROR 1267 (HY000): Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation 'find_in_set'
复制代码 修改表排序规则。- mysql> show create table t01\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Table: t01
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t01` (
- `ID` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
- `A_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- `B_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) USING BTREE
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- ERROR:
- No query specified
复制代码 修改所有列 COLLATE,实际上只修改、列 COLLATE 也可解决此问题。- ALTER TABLE cjc.t01 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
- ALTER TABLE cjc.t01 MODIFY COLUMN `ID` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL;
- ALTER TABLE cjc.t01 MODIFY COLUMN `A_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL;
- ALTER TABLE cjc.t01 MODIFY COLUMN `B_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL;
复制代码 再次执行,问题解决。- SELECT AAA.* FROM(
- SELECT
- @xxx AS _xxx,
- ( SELECT @xxx := GROUP_CONCAT( A_CODE ) FROM t01 WHERE FIND_IN_SET( B_CODE, @xxx ) ) AS cxxx
- FROM
- t01,( SELECT @xxx := 'xxx') b
- WHERE @xxx IS NOT NULL) ID,t01 AAA
- WHERE
- FIND_IN_SET( AAA.A_CODE, ID._xxx )
- order by A_CODE;Empty set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
复制代码 查看表结构。- mysql> show create table t01\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Table: t01
- Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t01` (
- `ID` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
- `A_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- `B_CODE` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) USING BTREE
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 3. 修改 SQL 语句
将,列的 COLLATE 在 SQL 语句中转换为。
改写后的SQL如下:- SELECT AAA.* FROM(
- SELECT
- @xxx AS _xxx,
- ( SELECT @xxx := GROUP_CONCAT( A_CODE COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ) FROM t01 WHERE FIND_IN_SET( B_CODE COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, @xxx ) ) AS cxxx
- FROM
- t01,( SELECT @xxx := 'xxx') b
- WHERE @xxx IS NOT NULL) ID,t01 AAA
- WHERE
- FIND_IN_SET( AAA.A_CODE COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci, ID._xxx )
- order by A_CODE;
复制代码 总结
比较三种解决方案,每种解决方案适用场景不同,请根据实际情况选择解决方案。
- 修改参数
适用于数据库是从 5.7 或更低版本升级到 8.0,并且表数量较多、数据量加大。不适用于批量修改所有表、列字符集和排序规则。
- 修改表 COLLATE
适用于修改过程会锁表,数据量越大时间越长,使用于数据量小的场景,建议将所有表、列字符集和排序规则改成 8.0 默认值,后续新增表时不指定字符集和排序规则。
- 修改 SQL 语句
适用于临时查询,改SQL影响最小。
以上就是MySQL 5.7升级8.0后出现排序规则问题的解决方案汇总的详细内容,更多关于MySQL 5.7升级8.0排序规则问题的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章!
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