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计数器、WMI
获取设备的内存信息,如系统可用运行内存:- 1 public static async Task<double> GetMemoryAvailableAsync(FileSizeUnit fileSizeUnit = FileSizeUnit.GB)
- 2 {
- 3 return await Task.Run(() =>
- 4 {
- 5 using var managementClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfOS_Memory");
- 6 using var instances = managementClass.GetInstances();
- 7 double available = 0;
- 8 foreach (var mo in instances)
- 9 {
- 10 //AvailableMBytes单位是MB
- 11 var size = long.Parse(mo.Properties["AvailableMBytes"].Value.ToString()) * 1024 * 1024;
- 12 available += size.ConvertTo(fileSizeUnit);
- 13 }
- 14
- 15 return available;
- 16 });
- 17 }
复制代码 以上是ManagementClass方式实现,还有ManagementObjectSearcher,都是WMI检索查询。
WMI查询比较慢,上面一段耗时在200ms+。
还有一种用的较多的,PerformanceCounter性能计数器,以CPU获取为例:- 1 public static async Task<double> GetUsageByCounterAsync()
- 2 {
- 3 //CPU计数器
- 4 using var pcCpuUsage = new PerformanceCounter("Processor", "% Processor Time", "_Total") { MachineName = "." };
- 5 // NextValue首次会返回0,所以需要加个延时下次再获取值
- 6 pcCpuUsage.NextValue();
- 7 await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500));
- 8 var cpuUsed = pcCpuUsage.NextValue();
- 9 return cpuUsed;
- 10 }
复制代码 性能计数器,也有一定的耗时40ms以上。另外因为它实现方式,初始化后无法第一次获取到真正数值,需要间隔一段时间再去拿。所以此方案实际耗时挺高
WMI、性能计数器,昨天遇到了使用异常:
看源码,计数器是注册表PerformanceData位置损坏了,而Management是IWbemServices获取状态码ErrorCode异常。
PerformanceCounter是WMI,而WMI是基于WBEM协议实现的,所以我理解成上面的异常其实是一类问题。
官网有对此类异常有一些描述:重新生成性能计数器库值 - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
所以基于PerformanceCounter、ManagementClass以及ManagementObjectSearcher的实现,有一定风险。
kernel32
kernel32下有个函数可以获取内存状态- 1 [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
- 2 [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
- 3 static extern bool GlobalMemoryStatusEx(ref MEMORYINFO mi);
复制代码 以下是获取可用运行内存的实现:- //Define the information structure of memory
- [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
- struct MEMORYINFO
- {
- public uint dwLength; //Current structure size
- public uint dwMemoryLoad; //Current memory utilization
- public ulong ullTotalPhys; //Total physical memory size
- public ulong ullAvailPhys; //Available physical memory size
- public ulong ullTotalPageFile; //Total Exchange File Size
- public ulong ullAvailPageFile; //Total Exchange File Size
- public ulong ullTotalVirtual; //Total virtual memory size
- public ulong ullAvailVirtual; //Available virtual memory size
- public ulong ullAvailExtendedVirtual; //Keep this value always zero
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// Get the current memory usage
- /// </summary>
- /// <returns></returns>
- private static MEMORYINFO GetMemoryStatus()
- {
- MEMORYINFO memoryInfo = new MEMORYINFO();
- memoryInfo.dwLength = (uint)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(memoryInfo);
- GlobalMemoryStatusEx(ref memoryInfo);
- return memoryInfo;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 获取系统可用运行内存
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="fileSizeUnit">默认单位GB</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static double GetMemoryAvailable(FileSizeUnit fileSizeUnit = FileSizeUnit.GB)
- {
- var memoryStatus = GetMemoryStatus();
- var memoryAvailable = ((long)memoryStatus.ullAvailPhys).ConvertTo(fileSizeUnit);
- return memoryAvailable;
- }
复制代码 上述方式,获取速度超快,几乎不耗时。
通过Kernel32方式,获取CPU信息(CPU比例计算逻辑,代码略多点):- 1 /// <summary>
- 2 /// 获取CPU占用率/使用率(单位:%)
- 3 /// </summary>
- 4 /// <returns></returns>
- 5 public static async Task<double> GetUsageByKernelAsync()
- 6 {
- 7 long idleTime1 = 0;
- 8 long kernelTime1 = 0;
- 9 long userTime1 = 0;
- 10 if (GetSystemTimes(out var lpIdleTime, out var lpKernelTime, out var lpUserTime))
- 11 {
- 12 idleTime1 = lpIdleTime;
- 13 kernelTime1 = lpKernelTime;
- 14 userTime1 = lpUserTime;
- 15 }
- 16 //添加俩次获取CPU信息的间隔
- 17 await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
- 18 long idleTime2 = 0;
- 19 long kernelTime2 = 0;
- 20 long userTime2 = 0;
- 21 if (GetSystemTimes(out var lpIdleTime2, out var lpKernelTime2, out var lpUserTime2))
- 22 {
- 23 idleTime2 = lpIdleTime2;
- 24 kernelTime2 = lpKernelTime2;
- 25 userTime2 = lpUserTime2;
- 26 }
- 27 //分别获取到用户时间、内核时间、空闲时间
- 28 var userTime = userTime2 - userTime1;
- 29 var kernelTime = kernelTime2 - kernelTime1;
- 30 var idleTime = idleTime2 - idleTime1;
- 31 //计算Cpu占用率。计算公式:用户时间+内核时间-空闲时间/用户时间+内核时间
- 32 var systemTotal = kernelTime + userTime;
- 33 var cpu = (systemTotal - idleTime) * 10000 / systemTotal;
- 34 return cpu / 100.0;
- 35 }
- 36
- 37 /// <summary>
- 38 /// 获取系统CPU时间数据
- 39 /// </summary>
- 40 /// <param name="lpIdleTime">空闲时间</param>
- 41 /// <param name="lpKernelTime">内核时间</param>
- 42 /// <param name="lpUserTime">用户时间</param>
- 43 /// <returns></returns>
- 44 [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
- 45 static extern bool GetSystemTimes(out long lpIdleTime, out long lpKernelTime, out long lpUserTime);
复制代码 另外,也有一种途径可以获取到内存信息,引用程序集Microsoft.VisualBasic,Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices下有个ComputerInfo类
var physicalMemory = new Microsoft.VisualBasic.Devices.ComputerInfo().AvailablePhysicalMemory;
可以拿到可用内存、总内存,不过CPU信息是没有的。
ComputerInfo的内部源码,我标注了下:
所以ComputerInfo,也是基于GlobalMemoryStatusEx函数做了封装,大家可以直接用。
参考列表:
How to get system specs (processor, memory etc...) in C#? (microsoft.com)Get the CPU Usage in C# | Delft StackC#获取CPU和内存使用率 - 雨水的命运 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)Determine CPU usage of current process (C++ and C#) | Philosophical GeekGet CPU Usage with GetSystemTimes - CodeProject
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/kybs0/本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须在文章页面给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/kybs0/archive/2023/02/23/17146941.html
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