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技术背景
假设我们在一个局域网内有多台工作站(不是服务器),那么有没有一个简单的方案可以实现一个小集群,提交分布式的任务呢?Ray为我们提供了一个很好的解决方案,允许你通过conda和Python灵活的构建集群环境,并提交分布式的任务。其基本架构为:
那么本文简单的介绍一下Ray的安装与基本使用。
安装
由于是一个Python的框架,Ray可以直接使用pip进行安装和管理:- $ python3 -m pip install ray[default]
复制代码 但是需要注意的是,在所有需要构建集群的设备上,需要统一Python和Ray的版本,因此建议先使用conda创建同样的虚拟环境之后,再安装统一版本的ray。否则在添加集群节点的时候就有可能出现如下问题:- RuntimeError: Version mismatch: The cluster was started with: Ray: 2.7.2 Python: 3.7.13This process on node 172.17.0.2 was started with: Ray: 2.7.2 Python: 3.7.5
复制代码 启动和连接服务
一般在配置集群的时候可以先配置下密钥登陆:- $ ssh-keygen -t rsa
- $ ssh-copy-id user_name@ip_address
复制代码 就这么两步,就可以配置远程服务器ssh免密登陆(配置的过程中有可能需要输入一次密码)。然后在主节点(配置一个master节点)启动ray服务:- $ ray start --head --dashboard-host='0.0.0.0' --dashboard-port=8265
- Usage stats collection is enabled. To disable this, add `--disable-usage-stats` to the command that starts the cluster, or run the following command: `ray disable-usage-stats` before starting the cluster. See https://docs.ray.io/en/master/cluster/usage-stats.html for more details.
- Local node IP: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
- --------------------
- Ray runtime started.
- --------------------
- Next steps
- To add another node to this Ray cluster, run
- ray start --address='xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379'
- To connect to this Ray cluster:
- import ray
- ray.init()
- To submit a Ray job using the Ray Jobs CLI:
- RAY_ADDRESS='http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265' ray job submit --working-dir . -- python my_script.py
- See https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/cluster/running-applications/job-submission/index.html
- for more information on submitting Ray jobs to the Ray cluster.
- To terminate the Ray runtime, run
- ray stop
- To view the status of the cluster, use
- ray status
- To monitor and debug Ray, view the dashboard at
- xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- If connection to the dashboard fails, check your firewall settings and network configuration.
复制代码 这就启动完成了,并给你指示了下一步的操作,例如在另一个节点上配置添加到集群中,可以使用指令:- $ ray start --address='xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379'
复制代码 但是前面提到了,这里要求Python和Ray版本要一致,如果版本不一致就会出现这样的报错:- RuntimeError: Version mismatch: The cluster was started with: Ray: 2.7.2 Python: 3.7.13This process on node 172.17.0.2 was started with: Ray: 2.7.2 Python: 3.7.5
复制代码 到这里其实Ray集群就已经部署完成了,非常的简单方便。
基础使用
我们先用一个最简单的案例来测试一下:- # test_ray.py
- import os
- import ray
- ray.init()
- print('''This cluster consists of
- {} nodes in total
- {} CPU resources in total
- '''.format(len(ray.nodes()), ray.cluster_resources()['CPU']))
复制代码 这个Python脚本打印了远程节点的计算资源,那么我们可以用这样的方式去提交一个本地的job:- $ RAY_ADDRESS='http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265' ray job submit --working-dir . -- python test_ray.py
- Job submission server address: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- 2024-08-27 07:35:10,751 INFO dashboard_sdk.py:338 -- Uploading package gcs://_ray_pkg_4b79155b5de665ce.zip.
- 2024-08-27 07:35:10,751 INFO packaging.py:518 -- Creating a file package for local directory '.'.
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_7Uqy8LjP4dxjZxGa' submitted successfully
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Next steps
- Query the logs of the job:
- ray job logs raysubmit_7Uqy8LjP4dxjZxGa
- Query the status of the job:
- ray job status raysubmit_7Uqy8LjP4dxjZxGa
- Request the job to be stopped:
- ray job stop raysubmit_7Uqy8LjP4dxjZxGa
- Tailing logs until the job exits (disable with --no-wait):
- 2024-08-27 15:35:14,079 INFO worker.py:1330 -- Using address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379 set in the environment variable RAY_ADDRESS
- 2024-08-27 15:35:14,079 INFO worker.py:1458 -- Connecting to existing Ray cluster at address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379...
- 2024-08-27 15:35:14,103 INFO worker.py:1639 -- Connected to Ray cluster. View the dashboard at http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- This cluster consists of
- 1 nodes in total
- 48.0 CPU resources in total
- ------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_7Uqy8LjP4dxjZxGa' succeeded
- ------------------------------------------
复制代码 这里的信息说明,远程的集群只有一个节点,该节点上有48个可用的CPU核资源。这些输出信息不仅可以在终端窗口上看到,还可以从这里给出的dashboard链接里面看到更加详细的任务管理情况:
这里也顺便提交一个输出软件位置信息的指令,确认下任务是在远程执行而不是在本地执行:- import ray
- ray.init()
- import numpy as np
- print (np.__file__)
复制代码 返回的日志为:- $ RAY_ADDRESS='http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265' ray job submit --working-dir . -- python test_ray.py
- Job submission server address: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- 2024-08-27 07:46:10,645 INFO dashboard_sdk.py:338 -- Uploading package gcs://_ray_pkg_5bba1a7144beb522.zip.
- 2024-08-27 07:46:10,658 INFO packaging.py:518 -- Creating a file package for local directory '.'.
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_kQ3XgE4Hxp3dkmuU' submitted successfully
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Next steps
- Query the logs of the job:
- ray job logs raysubmit_kQ3XgE4Hxp3dkmuU
- Query the status of the job:
- ray job status raysubmit_kQ3XgE4Hxp3dkmuU
- Request the job to be stopped:
- ray job stop raysubmit_kQ3XgE4Hxp3dkmuU
- Tailing logs until the job exits (disable with --no-wait):
- 2024-08-27 15:46:12,456 INFO worker.py:1330 -- Using address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379 set in the environment variable RAY_ADDRESS
- 2024-08-27 15:46:12,457 INFO worker.py:1458 -- Connecting to existing Ray cluster at address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379...
- 2024-08-27 15:46:12,470 INFO worker.py:1639 -- Connected to Ray cluster. View the dashboard at http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- /home/dechin/anaconda3/envs/mindspore-latest/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py
- ------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_kQ3XgE4Hxp3dkmuU' succeeded
- ------------------------------------------
- $ python3 -m pip show numpy
- Name: numpy
- Version: 1.21.6
- Summary: NumPy is the fundamental package for array computing with Python.
- Home-page: https://www.numpy.org
- Author: Travis E. Oliphant et al.
- Author-email:
- License: BSD
- Location: /usr/local/python-3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages
- Requires:
- Required-by: CyFES, h5py, hadder, matplotlib, mindinsight, mindspore, mindspore-serving, pandas, ray, scikit-learn, scipy
复制代码 这里可以看到,提交的任务中numpy是保存在mindspore-latest虚拟环境中的,而本地的numpy不在虚拟环境中,说明任务确实是在远程执行的。类似的可以在dashboard上面看到提交日志:
接下来测试一下分布式框架ray的并发特性:- import ray
- ray.init()
- @ray.remote(num_returns=1)
- def cpu_task():
- import time
- time.sleep(2)
- import numpy as np
- nums = 100000
- arr = np.random.random((2, nums))
- arr2 = arr[1]**2 + arr[0]**2
- pi = np.where(arr2<=1, 1, 0).sum() * 4 / nums
- return pi
- num_conc = 10
- res = ray.get([cpu_task.remote() for _ in range(num_conc)])
- print (sum(res) / num_conc)
复制代码 这个案例的内容是用蒙特卡洛算法计算圆周率的值,一次提交10个任务,每个任务中撒点100000个,并休眠2s。那么如果是顺序执行的话,理论上需要休眠20s。而这里提交任务之后,输出如下:- $ time RAY_ADDRESS='http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265' ray job submit --working-dir . --entrypoint-num-cpus 10 -- python te
- st_ray.py
- Job submission server address: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- 2024-08-27 08:30:13,315 INFO dashboard_sdk.py:385 -- Package gcs://_ray_pkg_d66b052eb6944465.zip already exists, skipping upload.
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_Ur6MAvP7DYiCT6Uz' submitted successfully
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Next steps
- Query the logs of the job:
- ray job logs raysubmit_Ur6MAvP7DYiCT6Uz
- Query the status of the job:
- ray job status raysubmit_Ur6MAvP7DYiCT6Uz
- Request the job to be stopped:
- ray job stop raysubmit_Ur6MAvP7DYiCT6Uz
- Tailing logs until the job exits (disable with --no-wait):
- 2024-08-27 16:30:15,032 INFO worker.py:1330 -- Using address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379 set in the environment variable RAY_ADDRESS
- 2024-08-27 16:30:15,033 INFO worker.py:1458 -- Connecting to existing Ray cluster at address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379...
- 2024-08-27 16:30:15,058 INFO worker.py:1639 -- Connected to Ray cluster. View the dashboard at http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265
- 3.141656
- ------------------------------------------
- Job 'raysubmit_Ur6MAvP7DYiCT6Uz' succeeded
- ------------------------------------------
- real 0m7.656s
- user 0m0.414s
- sys 0m0.010s
复制代码 总的运行时间在7.656秒,其中5s左右的时间是来自网络delay。所以实际上并发之后的总运行时间就在2s左右,跟单任务休眠的时间差不多。也就是说,远程提交的任务确实是并发执行的。最终返回的结果进行加和处理,得到的圆周率估计为:。而且除了普通的CPU任务之外,还可以上传GPU任务:- import ray
- ray.init()
- @ray.remote(num_returns=1, num_gpus=1)
- def test_ms():
- import os
- os.environ['GLOG_v']='4'
- os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICE']='0'
- import mindspore as ms
- ms.set_context(device_target="GPU", device_id=0)
- a = ms.Tensor([1, 2, 3], ms.float32)
- return a.asnumpy().sum()
- res = ray.get(test_ms.remote())
- ray.shutdown()
- print (res)
复制代码 这个任务是用mindspore简单创建了一个Tensor,并计算了Tensor的总和返回给本地,输出内容为:- $ RAY_ADDRESS='http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265' ray job submit --working-dir . --entrypoint-num-gpus 1 -- python test_ray.py Job submission server address: http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:82652024-08-28 01:16:38,712 INFO dashboard_sdk.py:338 -- Uploading package gcs://_ray_pkg_10019cd9fa9bdc38.zip.2024-08-28 01:16:38,712 INFO packaging.py:518 -- Creating a file package for local directory '.'.
- -------------------------------------------------------Job 'raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ' submitted successfully-------------------------------------------------------
- Next steps Query the logs of the job: ray job logs raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ Query the status of the job: ray job status raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ Request the job to be stopped: ray job stop raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ
- Tailing logs until the job exits (disable with --no-wait):2024-08-28 09:16:41,960 INFO worker.py:1330 -- Using address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379 set in the environment variable RAY_ADDRESS2024-08-28 09:16:41,960 INFO worker.py:1458 -- Connecting to existing Ray cluster at address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6379...2024-08-28 09:16:41,974 INFO worker.py:1639 -- Connected to Ray cluster. View the dashboard at http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8265 6.0
- ------------------------------------------Job 'raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ' succeeded------------------------------------------
复制代码 返回的计算结果是6.0,那么也是正确的。
查看和管理任务
前面的任务输出信息中,都有相应的job_id,我们可以根据这个job_id在主节点上面查看相关任务的执行情况:- $ ray job status raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ
复制代码 可以查看该任务的输出内容:- $ ray job logs raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ
复制代码 还可以终止该任务的运行:- $ ray job stop raysubmit_RUvkEqnkjNitKmnJ
复制代码 总结概要
本文介绍了基于Python的分布式框架Ray的基本安装与使用。Ray框架下不仅可以通过conda和Python十分方便的构建一个集群,还可以自动的对分布式任务进行并发处理,且支持GPU分布式任务的提交,极大的简化了手动分布式开发的工作量。
版权声明
本文首发链接为:https://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/p/ray.html
作者ID:DechinPhy
更多原著文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/
请博主喝咖啡:https://www.cnblogs.com/dechinphy/gallery/image/379634.html
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