|
- GreatSQL社区原创内容未经授权不得随意使用,转载请联系小编并注明来源。
- GreatSQL是MySQL的国产分支版本,使用上与MySQL一致。
- 文章来源:GreatSQL社区原创
线上使用MySQL8.0.25的数据库,通过监控发现数据库在查询一个视图(80张表的union all)时内存和cpu均明显上升。
在8.0.25 MySQL Community Server官方版本测试发现:只能在视图上进行数据过滤,不能将视图上的过滤条件下推到视图内的表上进行数据过滤。8.0.29以后的版本已解决该问题。
MySQL视图访问原理
下面是在8.0.25 MySQL Community Server上做的测试
使用sysbench 构造4张1000000的表
- mysql> select count(*) from sbtest1;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 1000000 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (1.44 sec)
- mysql> show create table sbtest1;
- | Table | Create Table | sbtest1 |
- CREATE TABLE `sbtest1` (
- `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `k` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
- `c` char(120) COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- `pad` char(60) COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2000000 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_bin |
- +---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 手工收集表统计信息
- mysql> analyze table sbtest1,sbtest2 ,sbtest3,sbtest4;
- +----------------+---------+----------+----------+
- | Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text |
- +----------------+---------+----------+----------+
- | sbtest.sbtest1 | analyze | status | OK |
- | sbtest.sbtest2 | analyze | status | OK |
- | sbtest.sbtest3 | analyze | status | OK |
- | sbtest.sbtest4 | analyze | status | OK |
- +----------------+---------+----------+----------+
- 4 rows in set (0.17 sec)
复制代码 创建视图
- drop view view_sbtest1 ;
- Create view view_sbtest1 as
- select * from sbtest1
- union all
- select * from sbtest2
- union all
- select * from sbtest3
- union all
- select * from sbtest4;
复制代码 查询视图
- Select * from view_sbtest1 where id=1;
- mysql> Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest1 where id=1;
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | id | k | left(c,20) |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | 1 | 434041 | 61753673565-14739672 |
- | 1 | 501130 | 64733237507-56788752 |
- | 1 | 501462 | 68487932199-96439406 |
- | 1 | 503019 | 18034632456-32298647 |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- 4 rows in set (1 min 8.96 sec)
复制代码 通过主键查询数据, 查询返回4条数据,耗时1分8.96秒
查看执行计划
从执行计划上看,先对视图内的表进行全表扫描,最后在视图上过滤数据。- mysql> explain Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest1 where id=1;
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- | 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | NULL | ref | <auto_key0> | <auto_key0> | 4 | const | 10 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 2 | DERIVED | sbtest1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 3 | UNION | sbtest2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 4 | UNION | sbtest3 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 5 | UNION | sbtest4 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- 5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
复制代码 添加hint后的执行计划
添加官方的 merge hint 进行视图合并(期望视图不作为一个整体,让where上的过滤条件能下推到视图中的表),不能改变sql执行计划,优化器需要先进行全表扫描在对结果集进行过滤。sql语句的执行时间基本不变- mysql> explain Select /*+ merge(t1) */ id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest1 t1 where id=1;
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- | 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | NULL | ref | <auto_key0> | <auto_key0> | 4 | const | 10 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 2 | DERIVED | sbtest1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 3 | UNION | sbtest2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 4 | UNION | sbtest3 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- | 5 | UNION | sbtest4 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 986400 | 100.00 | NULL |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
- 5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
复制代码
创建视图(过滤条件在视图内)
- mysql> drop view view_sbtest3;
- ERROR 1051 (42S02): Unknown table 'sbtest.view_sbtest3'
- mysql> Create view view_sbtest3 as
- select * from sbtest1 where id=1
- union all
- select * from sbtest2 where id=1
- union all
- select * from sbtest3 where id=1
- union all
- select * from sbtest4 where id=1;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
复制代码 查询视图(过滤条件在视图上)- Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest3 where id=1;
- mysql> Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest3 where id=1;
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | id | k | left(c,20) |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | 1 | 501462 | 68487932199-96439406 |
- | 1 | 434041 | 61753673565-14739672 |
- | 1 | 501130 | 64733237507-56788752 |
- | 1 | 503019 | 18034632456-32298647 |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码 直接运行sql语句- mysql> select id ,k,left(c,20) from sbtest1 where id=1
- -> union all
- -> select id ,k,left(c,20) from sbtest2 where id=1
- -> union all
- -> select id ,k,left(c,20) from sbtest3 where id=1
- -> union all
- -> select id ,k,left(c,20) from sbtest4 where id=1;
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | id | k | left(c,20) |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | 1 | 501462 | 68487932199-96439406 |
- | 1 | 434041 | 61753673565-14739672 |
- | 1 | 501130 | 64733237507-56788752 |
- | 1 | 503019 | 18034632456-32298647 |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码
直接运行sql语句或者把过滤条件放到视图内均能很快得到数据。
8.0.32
新的MySQL8.0.32版本 已解决掉该问题,视图上的过滤条件能下推到表上。- Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
- mysql> use sbtest;
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest1 where id=1;
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | id | k | left(c,20) |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | 1 | 501462 | 68487932199-96439406 |
- | 1 | 434041 | 61753673565-14739672 |
- | 1 | 501130 | 64733237507-56788752 |
- | 1 | 503019 | 18034632456-32298647 |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- mysql> Select id ,k,left(c,20) from view_sbtest3 where id=1;
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | id | k | left(c,20) |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- | 1 | 501462 | 68487932199-96439406 |
- | 1 | 434041 | 61753673565-14739672 |
- | 1 | 501130 | 64733237507-56788752 |
- | 1 | 503019 | 18034632456-32298647 |
- +----+--------+----------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码 Enjoy GreatSQL
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/greatsql/p/17376056.html
免责声明:由于采集信息均来自互联网,如果侵犯了您的权益,请联系我们【E-Mail:cb@itdo.tech】 我们会及时删除侵权内容,谢谢合作! |
|