Python丨tkinter开发常用的29种功能用法（建议码住）

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在Python软件开发中，tkinter中command功能的作用是为按钮、菜单等组件绑定回调函数，用户操作该组件时会触发相应的函数执行。
本文涵盖了各种组件和功能：
1、为Button组件（按钮）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tk
2. def say_hello():
3.     print("Hello World!")root = tk.Tk()
4. button = tk.Button(root, text="点我", command=say_hello)
5. button.pack()
6. root.mainloop()

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2、为Checkbutton组件（多选择钮）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef show_selection():
2.     print("Selection is:", var.get())root = tk.Tk()var = tk.BooleanVar()checkbutton = tk.Checkbutton(root, text="Select me", variable=var, command=show_selection)
3. checkbutton.pack()root.mainloop()

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3、为Radiobutton组件（单选择钮）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef show_selection():
2.     print("Selection is:", var.get())root = tk.Tk()var = tk.StringVar()radiobutton1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 1", variable=var, value="Option 1", command=show_selection)
3. radiobutton2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Option 2", variable=var, value="Option 2", command=show_selection)radiobutton1.pack()
4. radiobutton2.pack()root.mainloop()

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4、为Listbox组件（列表组件）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef show_selection(event):
2.     selection = event.widget.curselection()
3.     print("Selection is:", event.widget.get(selection))root = tk.Tk()listbox = tk.Listbox(root)
4. listbox.insert("end", "Option 1")
5. listbox.insert("end", "Option 2")
6. listbox.bind("<<ListboxSelect>>", show_selection)listbox.pack()root.mainloop()

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5、为Spinbox组件（条框）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tk
2. # Python学习交流扣裙：708525271
3. def show_selection():
4.     print("Selection is:", spinbox.get())root = tk.Tk()spinbox = tk.Spinbox(root, values=(1, 2, 3,4,5), command=show_selection)
5. spinbox.pack()root.mainloop()

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运行后，选择不同的参数，回传到了spinbox组件

 

6、为Scale组件（滑条）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef show_selection(value):
2.     print("Selection is:", value)root = tk.Tk()scale = tk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=100, command=show_selection)
3. scale.pack()root.mainloop()

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7、为Scrollbar组件（滚动条）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef scroll(event):
2.     scrollbar.set(event.widget.get())root = tk.Tk()scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root, orient="vertical")
3. scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")listbox = tk.Listbox(root, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
4. for i in range(100):
5.     listbox.insert("end", "Option " + str(i))scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
6. listbox.bind("<MouseWheel>", scroll)listbox.pack()root.mainloop()

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8、为Canvas组件（画布）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef draw_line(event):
2.     canvas.create_line(0, 0, event.x, event.y)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
3. canvas.bind("<Button-1>", draw_line)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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9、为Text组件（文本框）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef count_characters(event):
2.     text = event.widget.get("1.0", "end")
3.     count = len(text.replace("\n", ""))
4.     print("Character count:", count)root = tk.Tk()text = tk.Text(root)
5. text.bind("<KeyRelease>", count_characters)text.pack()root.mainloop()

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10、为Menu组件（菜单）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef say_hello():
2.     print("Hello World!")root = tk.Tk()menubar = tk.Menu(root)filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
3. filemenu.add_command(label="New")
4. filemenu.add_command(label="Open")
5. filemenu.add_command(label="Save")filemenu.add_separator()
6. filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
7. editmenu.add_command(label="Copy")
8. editmenu.add_command(label="Cut")
9. editmenu.add_command(label="Paste")
10. editmenu.add_command(label="显示问候",command=say_hello)helpmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
11. helpmenu.add_command(label="About")menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
12. menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)
13. menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)root.config(menu=menubar)root.mainloop()

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11、为Canvas（画布）中的图形对象绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef move_object(event):
2.     canvas.move(rectangle, 10, 10)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
3. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
4. canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", move_object)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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当点击蓝色方块时，蓝色方块会移动
12、为Frame组件绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef say_hello():
2.     print("Hello World!")root = tk.Tk()frame = tk.Frame(root)
3. button = tk.Button(frame, text="Click me", command=say_hello)
4. button.pack()
5. frame.pack()root.mainloop()

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13、为Label组件（标签）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef say_hello(event):
2.     label.config(text="Hello World!")root = tk.Tk()label = tk.Label(root, text="Click me")
3. label.pack()
4. label.bind("<Button-1>", say_hello)root.mainloop()

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14、为Toplevel组件（顶部操作杆）绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tkdef create_window():
2.     window = tk.Toplevel(root)
3.     label = tk.Label(window, text="New Window")
4.     label.pack()root = tk.Tk()button = tk.Button(root, text="Create window", command=create_window)
5. button.pack()root.mainloop()

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15、为Canvas中（画布）的图形对象设置鼠标样式

1. import tkinter as tkdef set_cursor(event):
2.     canvas.config(cursor="crosshair")root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
3. canvas.bind("<Motion>", set_cursor)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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16、为Entry组件绑定回调函数

1. import tkinter as tk
2. #   Python学习交流裙：708525271
3. def show_input(event):
4.     print("Input is:", entry.get())root = tk.Tk()entry = tk.Entry(root)
5. entry.bind("<Return>", show_input)entry.pack()
6. root.mainloop()

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17、为Text组件设置快捷键

1. import tkinter as tkdef copy(event):
2.     text.event_generate("<Control-c>")root = tk.Tk()text = tk.Text(root)
3. text.bind("<Control-c>", lambda e: print("Copied!"))button = tk.Button(root, text="Copy", command=lambda: copy(None))
4. button.pack()text.pack()

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18、为Canvas中的图形对象添加标签

1. import tkinter as tkdef show_label(event):
2.     item = canvas.find_withtag("current")
3.     canvas.itemconfig(item, tags=("item", "selected"))
4.     canvas.itemconfig("label", text="Selected item: " + str(item[0]))root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
5. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue", tags=("item"))
6. label = canvas.create_text(150, 20, text="No item selected", tags=("label"))canvas.bind("<Button-1>", show_label)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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验证程序能够运行，且可以显示在没有选择前、选择后。

 

19、为Canvas中的图形对象设置动画效果

1. import tkinter as tkdef animate():
2.     canvas.move(rectangle, 2, 2)
3.     canvas.after(10, animate)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
4. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")animate()canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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经过验证，程序可以运行，蓝色的图形会运动到右下角。

 

20、为Menu组件设置图片

1. import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk()menubar = tk.Menu(root)filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
2. filemenu.add_command(label="New", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\new.png"))
3. filemenu.add_command(label="Open", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\open.png"))
4. filemenu.add_command(label="Save", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\save.png"))
5. filemenu.add_separator()
6. filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
7. editmenu.add_command(label="Copy", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\copy.png"))
8. editmenu.add_command(label="Cut", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\cut.png"))
9. editmenu.add_command(label="Paste", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\paste.png"))helpmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
10. helpmenu.add_command(label="About", image=tk.PhotoImage(file="D:\\test\\test\\icons\\about.png"))menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
11. menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)
12. menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)root.config(menu=menubar)root.mainloop()

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程序测试好像不成功，没有找到原因

 

21、为Canvas中的图形对象设置背景图片

1. import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
2. canvas.config(bg="white")photo = tk.PhotoImage(file="icons/background.png")
3. canvas.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor="nw")canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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22、为Canvas中的图形对象设置鼠标拖动效果

1. import tkinter as tkdef start_drag(event):
2.     global drag_pos
3.     drag_pos = (event.x, event.y)def drag(event):
4.     global drag_pos
5.     delta_x = event.x - drag_pos[0]
6.     delta_y = event.y - drag_pos[1]
7.     canvas.move(rectangle, delta_x, delta_y)
8.     drag_pos = (event.x, event.y)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
9. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
10. canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", start_drag)
11. canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<B1-Motion>", drag)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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23、为Canvas中的图形对象设置点击特效

1. import tkinter as tkdef toggle_color(event):
2.     canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="green" if event.widget in selected else "blue")
3.     if event.widget in selected:
4.         selected.remove(event.widget)
5.     else:
6.         selected.append(event.widget)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)rectangles = []
7. selected = []for i in range(3):
8.     for j in range(3):
9.         rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(i*100, j*100, i*100+50, j*100+50, fill="blue")
10.         canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", toggle_color)
11.         rectangles.append(rectangle)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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24、为Canvas中的图形对象设置缩放效果

1. import tkinter as tkdef zoom(delta):
2.     scale = 1.1 if delta > 0 else 0.9
3.     canvas.scale("all", 0, 0, scale, scale)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
4. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
5. canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", lambda e: zoom(e.delta))canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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25、为Canvas中的图形对象设置旋转效果

1. import tkinter as tk
2. import mathdef rotate(delta):
3.     angle = math.radians(delta)
4.     rx, ry = canvas.coords(rectangle)[:2]
5.     cos = math.cos(angle)
6.     sin = math.sin(angle)
7.     x, y = canvas.coords(rectangle)[2:4]
8.     tx = cos * (x-rx) - sin * (y-ry) + rx
9.     ty = sin * (x-rx) + cos * (y-ry) + ry
10.     canvas.coords(rectangle, rx, ry, tx, ty)root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
11. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
12. canvas.bind("<MouseWheel>", lambda e: rotate(e.delta))canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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26、为Canvas中的图形对象设置反色效果

1. import tkinter as tkdef toggle_color(event):
2.     pixels = canvas.itemcget(event.widget, "fill")
3.     if pixels == "blue":
4.         canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow")
5.     else:
6.         canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue")root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)rectangles = []for i in range(3):
7.     for j in range(3):
8.         rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(i*100, j*100, i*100+50, j*100+50, fill="blue")
9.         canvas.tag_bind(rectangle, "<Button-1>", toggle_color)
10.         rectangles.append(rectangle)canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

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27、为Canvas中的图形对象设置闪烁效果

1. import tkinter as tkdef start_blink(event):
2.     canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow")
3.     canvas.after(200, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue"))
4.     canvas.after(400, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="yellow"))
5.     canvas.after(600, lambda: canvas.itemconfig(event.widget, fill="blue"))root = tk.Tk()canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)rectangles = []
6.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          root.mainloop()

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1. [/code][align=center][/align]
2.  
3. [align=center][img]https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e179f5ffb7e84315846c0e98eb417a3c.png[/img][/align]
4. 28、为Menu组件设置子菜单
5. [code]import tkinter as tk
7. root = tk.Tk()
9. menubar = tk.Menu(root)
11. filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
12. filemenu.add_command(label="New")
13. filemenu.add_command(label="Open")
14. filemenu.add_command(label="Save")
16. subfilemenu = tk.Menu(filemenu, tearoff=0)
17. subfilemenu.add_command(label="Option 1")
18. subfilemenu.add_command(label="Option 2")
20. filemenu.add_cascade(label="More", menu=subfilemenu)
21. filemenu.add_separator()
22. filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
24. menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
26. root.config(menu=menubar)
28. root.mainloop()

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29、为Canvas中的图形对象设置尺寸调整效果

1. import tkinter as tk
3. def start_resize(event):
4.     global resize_pos
5.     resize_pos = (event.x, event.y)
6. # Python学习交流扣裙 708525271
7. def resize(event):
8.     global resize_pos
9.     delta_x = event.x - resize_pos[0]
10.     delta_y = event.y - resize_pos[1]
11.     x, y, w, h = canvas.coords(rectangle)
12.     if event.widget == resize_left:
13.         canvas.coords(rectangle, x+delta_x, y, w-delta_x, h)
14.     elif event.widget == resize_top:
15.         canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y+delta_y, w, h-delta_y)
16.     elif event.widget == resize_right:
17.         canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y, w+delta_x, h)
18.     elif event.widget == resize_bottom:
19.         canvas.coords(rectangle, x, y, w, h+delta_y)
20.     resize_pos = (event.x, event.y)
22. root = tk.Tk()
24. canvas = tk.Canvas(root, width=300, height=300)
25. rectangle = canvas.create_rectangle(50, 50, 100, 100, fill="blue")
27. resize_left = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_h_double_arrow")
28. resize_top = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_v_double_arrow")
29. resize_right = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_h_double_arrow")
30. resize_bottom = tk.Canvas(canvas, width=10, height=10, bd=-2, bg="white", cursor="sb_v_double_arrow")
32. resize_left.place(x=50-5, y=75-5)
33. resize_top.place(x=75-5, y=50-5)
34. resize_right.place(x=100-5, y=75-5)
35. resize_bottom.place(x=75-5, y=100-5)
37. resize_left.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
38. resize_top.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
39. resize_right.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
40. resize_bottom.bind("<Button-1>", start_resize)
42. resize_left.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
43. resize_top.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
44. resize_right.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
45. resize_bottom.bind("<B1-Motion>", resize)
47. canvas.pack()
49. root.mainloop()

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代码整理不易，建议保存。
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