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一、问题引入
通过 Tinyhttpd:运行测试【1】 和 抓包分析【2】,基本完成了对程序的功能测试和通信原理。此时可以进一步对源码进行分析,本文不考虑代码一行一行的分析,仅对关键部分代码解析。
二、解决过程
2-1 main()函数
主函数主要创建http的监听套接字,等待客户端的连接。一旦有新客户端连接http,则创建一个新线程与客户端通信,而主线程(即main函数)继续等待客户端的连接。- int main(void)
- {
- int server_sock = -1;
- u_short port = 10080;
- int client_sock = -1;
- struct sockaddr_in client_name;
- socklen_t client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
- pthread_t newthread;
- server_sock = startup(&port);
- printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
- while (1)
- {
- client_sock = accept(server_sock,(struct sockaddr *) &client_name, &client_name_len);
- if (client_sock == -1)
- error_die("accept");
- /* accept_request(&client_sock); */
- if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, (void *)accept_request, (void *)(intptr_t)client_sock) != 0)
- perror("pthread_create");
- }
- close(server_sock);
- return(0);
- }
复制代码 2-2 startup()函数
如果熟悉套接字编程,那么肯定对上面的代码肯定很眼熟。该函数的功能就是服务器在指定端口创建监听套接字。但同时对监听的端口做了冗余处理,若指定的端口为0,则动态的申请一个端口号。- int startup(u_short *port)
- {
- int httpd = 0;
- int on = 1;
- struct sockaddr_in name;
- httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (httpd == -1)
- error_die("socket");
- memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name));
- name.sin_family = AF_INET;
- name.sin_port = htons(*port);
- name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
- if ((setsockopt(httpd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on))) < 0) /* set port reuse */
- {
- error_die("setsockopt failed");
- }
- if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)
- error_die("bind");
- if (*port == 0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */
- {
- socklen_t namelen = sizeof(name);
- if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)
- error_die("getsockname");
- *port = ntohs(name.sin_port);
- }
- if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)
- error_die("listen");
- return(httpd);
- }
复制代码 2-3 accept_request()函数
该线程回调函数是整个程序最核心、最关键的部分,它包含了如何解析客户端发送的http request和服务区根据客户端的请求如何发送http respond。- void accept_request(void *arg)
- {
- int client = (intptr_t)arg;
- char buf[1024];
- size_t numchars;
- char method[255];
- char url[255];
- char path[512];
- size_t i, j;
- struct stat st;
- int cgi = 0; /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI
- * program */
- char *query_string = NULL;
- numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
- i = 0; j = 0;
- while (!ISspace(buf[i]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
- {
- method[i] = buf[i];
- i++;
- }
- j=i;
- method[i] = '\0';
- if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST"))
- {
- unimplemented(client);
- return;
- }
- if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
- cgi = 1;
- i = 0;
- while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < numchars))
- j++;
- while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < numchars))
- {
- url[i] = buf[j];
- i++; j++;
- }
- url[i] = '\0';
- if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
- {
- query_string = url;
- while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
- query_string++;
- if (*query_string == '?')
- {
- cgi = 1;
- *query_string = '\0';
- query_string++;
- }
- }
- sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);
- if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/')
- strcat(path, "index.html");
- if (stat(path, &st) == -1) {
- while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
- numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
- not_found(client);
- }
- else
- {
- if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
- strcat(path, "/index.html");
- if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
- (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
- (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) )
- cgi = 1;
- if (!cgi)
- serve_file(client, path);
- else
- execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
- }
- close(client);
- }
复制代码 解析第一行
http 请求行包括三个字段:请求方法、URL、协议版本。
解析请求方法:仅支持GET和POST。若为POST时,cgi标志位置1- numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
- i = 0; j = 0;
- while (!ISspace(buf[i]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
- {
- method[i] = buf[i];
- i++;
- }
- j=i;
- method[i] = '\0';
- if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST"))
- {
- unimplemented(client);
- return;
- }
- if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
- cgi = 1;
复制代码 解析URL,并在GET方法时,将URL中的第一个?处替换为\0- i = 0;
- while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < numchars))
- j++;
- while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < numchars))
- {
- url[i] = buf[j];
- i++; j++;
- }
- url[i] = '\0';
- if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
- {
- query_string = url;
- while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
- query_string++;
- if (*query_string == '?')
- {
- cgi = 1;
- *query_string = '\0';
- query_string++;
- }
- }
复制代码 判断URL是文件还是文件夹,若为文件夹,则拼接相对路径path htdocs/xxx/.../xxx/index.html。
判断path是否存在,若不存在,先清空读缓存,执行函数 not_found();若存在且cgi标志位为1,执行函数 execute_cgi(),若存在且cgi不为1,执行函数 serve_file()- sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);
- if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/')
- strcat(path, "index.html");
- if (stat(path, &st) == -1) {
- while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
- numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
- not_found(client);
- }
- else
- {
- if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
- strcat(path, "/index.html");
- if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
- (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
- (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) )
- cgi = 1;
- if (!cgi)
- serve_file(client, path);
- else
- execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
- }
复制代码 三、反思总结
整体理解下来,httpd.c可以解析来自客户端的GET和POST请求。
可以处理请求格式:
- GET / HTTP/1.1 \r\n
- GET /index.html \r\n
- GET /color.cgi \r\n
- GET /color.cgi?color=pink \r\n
可以处理请求格式:
- POST /color.cgi HTTP/1.1 \r\n + "color" = "green"
四、参考引用
EZLippi/Tinyhttpd
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/caojun97/p/17276322.html
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