nginx常用操作命令详解

毕哦 · 发表于 2023-7-15 11:18:41

一、常用命令：

//开启服务：
start nginx
直接点击Nginx目录下的nginx.exe
//停止服务：nginx停止命令stop与quit参数的区别在于stop是快速停止nginx，可能并不保存相关信息，quit是完整有序的停止nginx ，并保存相关信息。nginx启动与停止命令的效果都可以通过Windows任务管理器中的进程选项卡观察。
nginx -s stop
nginx -s quit
//其他命令重启、关闭nginx
ps -ef | grep nginx
//从容停止Nginx
kill -QUIT 主进程号
//快速停止Nginx
kill -TERM 主进程号
//强制停止Nginx
pkill -9 nginx
//平滑重启nginx：
kill -HUP 主进程号
//重启服务：
nginx -s reload
//检查配置文件是否有语法操作
./nginx -t
//或者显示指定配置文件
./nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

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二、注意要点

动静分离要点，必须把访问服务器的端口写成nginx监听的端口，这样才能避免跨域
配置参数说明：
nigix做反向代理
注意 :$proxy_port 与 :$server_port 区别
$server_port ：nigix监听的端口
$proxy_port ：服务器真正访问的端口
#一般情况都用这个host
proxy_set_header Host $host;
#获取到用户真实IP配置
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

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三、http请求配置

1、前后端分离普通配置

server {
listen 8203;
location / {
root /usr/www/validation-demo/h5-1-advance;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
if ($request_filename ~* .*\.(?:htm|html)$){
add_header Cache-Control "private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
}
}
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.8.10:5001/;
}
}

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2、增加了HTTPS的前后端分离配置

server {
listen 443;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/5673168_www.huzhihui.com.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/5673168_www.huzhihui.com.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /alidata/view/eip-home;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
if ($request_filename ~* .*\.(?:htm|html)$){
add_header Cache-Control "private, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
}
expires 7d;
}
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:56000/;
}
}
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://www.huzhihui.com/$1 permanent;
}

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3、老项目强制HTTPS POST出现问题的解决方案

server{
listen 80;
server_name wx.huzhihui.cn;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
location / {
if ($request_method ~ ^(POST|DELETE|OPTIONS)$) {
proxy_pass https://wx.huzhihui.cn;
break ;
}
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://wx.huzhihui.cn/$1 permanent;
}
}

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4、普通前后端一起的工程网站部署

upstream web_servers {
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://web_servers;
}
location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {
root /opt/static-resources;
expires 12h;
}
location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
root /opt/static-resources;
expires 7d;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}

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5、动静分离+负载均衡配置

upstream web_servers {
server localhost:8080;
server localhost:8081;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://web_servers;
}
location ~.*\.(js|css)$ {
root /opt/static-resources;
expires 12h;
}
location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ {
root /opt/static-resources;
expires 7d;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}

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6、通用https配置

server {
listen 443;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate cert-tues/214069203020278.pem;
ssl_certificate_key cert-tues/214069203020278.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9002/;
proxy_redirect default;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.huzhihui.com;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://server.ourtues.com/$1 permanent;
}

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nginx配置
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