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# 当我们想要体验体验不同类型的Linux的使用技巧,节省个人开销,可以在Windows系统上创建其他系统的虚拟机,可以创建虚拟机常用的应用有:
- VMware Station
- VirtualBox
此篇文章使用VirtualBox,结合Vagrant来实现Linux虚拟机的创建。使用这两种应用结合的方法,相对于使用VMware Station创建虚拟机来可以节省时间,加快效率,减少了等待系统安装的漫长等待。
涉及的应用:Vagrant 下载路径:Install | Vagrant | HashiCorp Developer
VirtualBox 下载路径:Downloads – Oracle VM VirtualBox
一. Vagrant+VirtualBox安装
下载Vagrant和VirtualBox完成后,安装两个应用。由于VirtualBox和Vagrant的安装过程均是图形化界面安装,直接下一步,安装路径可以自行选择(记住自己选的路径),安装顺序没有前后顺序,安装完成后可以检查以下:
(1)在Windows系统下,使用快捷键“Win + R”打开运行窗口,在其中输入“cmd”,在命令行窗口中输入vagrant ,如下:- C:\Users\Administrator><strong>vagrant</strong>
- Usage: vagrant [options] <command> [<args>]
- -h, --help Print this help.
- Common commands:
- autocomplete manages autocomplete installation on host
- box manages boxes: installation, removal, etc.
- cloud manages everything related to Vagrant Cloud
- destroy stops and deletes all traces of the vagrant machine
- global-status outputs status Vagrant environments for this user
- halt stops the vagrant machine
- help shows the help for a subcommand
- init initializes a new Vagrant environment by creating a Vagrantfile
- login
- package packages a running vagrant environment into a box
- plugin manages plugins: install, uninstall, update, etc.
- port displays information about guest port mappings
- powershell connects to machine via powershell remoting
- provision provisions the vagrant machine
- push deploys code in this environment to a configured destination
- rdp connects to machine via RDP
- reload restarts vagrant machine, loads new Vagrantfile configuration
- resume resume a suspended vagrant machine
- serve start Vagrant server
- snapshot manages snapshots: saving, restoring, etc.
- ssh connects to machine via SSH
- ssh-config outputs OpenSSH valid configuration to connect to the machine
- status outputs status of the vagrant machine
- suspend suspends the machine
- up starts and provisions the vagrant environment
- upload upload to machine via communicator
- validate validates the Vagrantfile
- version prints current and latest Vagrant version
- winrm executes commands on a machine via WinRM
- winrm-config outputs WinRM configuration to connect to the machine
- For help on any individual command run `vagrant COMMAND -h`
- Additional subcommands are available, but are either more advanced
- or not commonly used. To see all subcommands, run the command
- `vagrant list-commands`.
- --[no-]color Enable or disable color output
- --machine-readable Enable machine readable output
- -v, --version Display Vagrant version
- --debug Enable debug output
- --timestamp Enable timestamps on log output
- --debug-timestamp Enable debug output with timestamps
- --no-tty Enable non-interactive output
- C:\Users\Administrator>
复制代码 出现如上的内容,表示Vagrant安装成功!
(2)VirtualBox安装完成后,会是一个普通的应用程序,直接点击对应图标打开,就是如下的界面(应用刚安装,无以下的虚拟系统列表):
到此,VirtualBox安装完成。
二. Linux虚拟机安装
现在,使用现有的环境,创建一个版本为 Centos 7 的虚拟机,安装开始。
(1)在Windows系统下,使用快捷键“Win + R”打开运行窗口,在其中输入“cmd”,打开命令行窗口,输入如下内容:
在windows的F盘下创建一个虚拟机总目录:F:\vrbox- C:\Users\Administrator>F:
- F:\>mkdir vrbox
复制代码 F:\>dir
驱动器 F 中的卷没有标签。
F:\ 的目录
2023/08/01 22:21 vrbox
0 个文件 0 字节
1 个目录 92,429,574,144 可用字节
在F:\vrbox的路径下,创建Centos 7 虚拟机的文件目录:F:\vrbox\vcentos:- F:\vrbox>mkdir vcentos
- F:\vrbox>cd vcentos
- F:\vrbox\vcentos>
复制代码 (2) 在F:\vrbox\vcentos目录下打开命令行窗口,输入如下命令:
下载创建虚拟机:- F:\vrbox\vcentos>vagrant init centos/7
复制代码 执行结果,如下图;
(3) 启动创建的虚拟机
启动虚拟机:vagrant up
(此处需要注意:当初次执行vagrant up命令时,由于需要从vagrant的 Discover Vagrant Boxes - Vagrant Cloud (vagrantup.com) 网站中下载Centos虚拟机使用的系统镜像,需要稍等一会,这个等待时间相对于之间下载系统镜像(.iso)文件来说可以忽略,下载完成后会自动完成安装)- F:\vrbox\vcentos><strong>vagrant up</strong>
- Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
- ==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
- ==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
- ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
- ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
- default: Adapter 1: nat
- default: Adapter 2: hostonly
- ==> default: Forwarding ports...
- default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
- ==> default: Booting VM...
- ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
- default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
- default: SSH username: vagrant
- default: SSH auth method: private key
- ==> default: Machine booted and ready!
- ==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
- default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
- default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
- default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
- default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
- default:
- default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
- default: in which case you may ignore this message.
- ==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
- ==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/f/vrbox/vcentos/ => /vagrant
- ==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
- ==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
复制代码 (4)远程连接虚拟机。
安装完成后,执行命令,连接虚拟机。- F:\vrbox\vcentos>vagrant ssh
- Last login: Mon Jul 24 14:16:36 2023 from 10.0.2.2
复制代码 使用以上命令可以直接连接虚拟机,不需要输入密码。虚拟机的默认用户及密码在“启动虚拟机”出现的命令提示中显示出来了:- ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
- default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
- default: SSH username: vagrant
- default: SSH auth method: private key
复制代码 默认用户:vagrant 密码: vagrant- 若需要使用root用户,可以在命令行执行如下命令:
- [vagrant@localhost ~]$ id
- uid=1000(vagrant) gid=1000(vagrant) groups=1000(vagrant) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
- [vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo -i
- [root@localhost ~]# id
- uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
- [root@localhost ~]#
- 退出root用户,输入如下命令:
- [root@localhost ~]# exit
- logout
- [vagrant@localhost ~]$ id
- uid=1000(vagrant) gid=1000(vagrant) groups=1000(vagrant) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
- [vagrant@localhost ~]$
复制代码 打开VirtualBox应用的虚拟机列表中,也可以看到此设备:
到此,一台为Centos 7的虚拟机就已经安装完成了。此虚拟机没有图形化界面,只有命令行界面。若需要图形化界面,可以使用相关命令进行添加。- 相关命令:
- ##关闭虚拟机,需使用root权限
- [vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo -i
- [root@localhost ~]# poweroff
- Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed by remote host.
- Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.
复制代码
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/sijiu/p/17599440.html
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