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前言
上传大文件时,原始HTTP文件上传功能可能会影响使用体验,此时使用分片上传功能可以有效避免原始上传的弊端。由于分片上传不是HTTP标准的一部分,所以只能自行开发相互配合的服务端和客户端。文件分片上传在许多情况时都拥有很多好处,除非已知需要上传的文件一定非常小。分片上传可以对上传的文件进行快速分片校验,避免大文件上传时长时间等待校验,当然完整校验可以在秒传时使用,有这种需求的情况就只能老实等待校验了。
Blazr WASM提供了在 .NET环境中使用浏览器功能的能力,充分利用C#和 .NET能够大幅简化分片上传功能的开发。本次示例使用HTTP标准上传作为分片上传的底层基础,并提供分片校验功能保障上传数据的完整性。
新书宣传
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正文
本示例的Blazor代码位于默认ASP.NET Core托管的Blazor WASM应用模板的Index页面。
在Shared项目添加公共数据模型
服务端控制器
- [ApiController]
- [Route("[controller]")]
- public class UploadController : ControllerBase
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 支持的Hash算法,优选算法请靠前
- /// </summary>
- private static string[] supportedHashAlgorithm = new[] { "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA256" };
- /// <summary>
- /// 文件写入锁的线程安全字典,每个上传任务对应一把锁
- /// </summary>
- private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, AsyncLock> fileWriteLockerDict = new();
- private readonly ILogger<UploadController> _logger;
- private readonly IWebHostEnvironment _env;
- public UploadController(ILogger<UploadController> logger, IWebHostEnvironment env)
- {
- _logger = logger;
- _env = env;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 分片上传动作
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="input">上传表单</param>
- /// <param name="fileChunkData">文件片段数据</param>
- /// <param name="requestAborted">请求取消令牌</param>
- /// <returns>片段上传结果</returns>
- [HttpPost, RequestSizeLimit(1024 * 1024 * 11)]
- [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
- [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
- [ProducesDefaultResponseType]
- public async Task<IActionResult> Upload(
- [FromForm]FileChunkUploadInput input,
- [FromForm]IFormFile? fileChunkData,
- CancellationToken requestAborted)
- {
- switch (input.UploadType)
- {
- // 请求开始一个新的上传任务,协商上传参数
- case "startUpload":
- {
- //var trustedFileNameForDisplay =
- // WebUtility.HtmlEncode(fileChunkData?.FileName ?? input.FileName);
- // 选择双方都支持的优选Hash算法
- var selectedHashAlgorithm = supportedHashAlgorithm
- .Intersect(input.AllowedHashAlgorithm ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>())
- .FirstOrDefault();
- // 验证必要的表单数据
- if (selectedHashAlgorithm is null or "")
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.AllowedHashAlgorithm, "can not select hash algorithm");
- }
- if (input.FileSize is null)
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.FileSize, "must have value for start、upload and complete");
- }
- if (ModelState.ErrorCount > 0)
- {
- return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
- }
- // 使用随机文件名提高安全性,并把文件名作为任务代码使用
- var trustedFileNameForFileStorage = Path.GetRandomFileName();
- var savePath = Path.Combine(
- _env.ContentRootPath,
- _env.EnvironmentName,
- "unsafe_uploads",
- trustedFileNameForFileStorage);
- var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(
- savePath,
- $"{input.FileName}.tmp");
- if (!Directory.Exists(savePath))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(savePath);
- }
- // 根据表单创建对应大小的文件
- await using (var fs = new FileStream(savePathWithFile, FileMode.Create))
- {
- fs.SetLength(input.FileSize!.Value);
- await fs.FlushAsync();
- }
- // 设置锁
- fileWriteLockerDict.TryAdd(trustedFileNameForFileStorage, new());
- // 返回协商结果
- return Ok(new FileChunkUploadStartReault
- {
- UploadTaskCode = trustedFileNameForFileStorage,
- SelectedHashAlgorithm = selectedHashAlgorithm!
- });
- }
- // 上传文件片段
- case "uploadChunk":
- // 验证表单
- if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
- return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
- }
- // 使用内存池缓冲数据,注意使用using释放内存
- using (var pooledMemory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent((int)fileChunkData!.Length))
- {
- // 使用切片语法获取精准大小的内存缓冲区装载上传的数据
- var buffer = pooledMemory.Memory[..(int)fileChunkData!.Length];
- var readBytes = await fileChunkData.OpenReadStream().ReadAsync(buffer, requestAborted);
- var readBuffer = buffer[..readBytes];
- Debug.Assert(readBytes == fileChunkData!.Length);
- // 校验Hash
- var hash = input.HashAlgorithm switch
- {
- "SHA1" => SHA1.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
- "SHA256" => SHA256.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
- "MD5" => MD5.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
- _ => Array.Empty<byte>()
- };
- if (hash.ToHexString() != input.HashValue)
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.HashValue, "hash does not match");
- return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
- }
- var savePath = Path.Combine(
- _env.ContentRootPath,
- _env.EnvironmentName,
- "unsafe_uploads",
- input.UploadTaskCode!);
- var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(
- savePath,
- $"{input.FileName}.tmp");
- // 使用锁写入数据,文件流不支持写共享,必须串行化
- if(fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var locker))
- {
- using (await locker.LockAsync())
- {
- await using (var fs = new FileStream(savePathWithFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write))
- {
- // 定位文件流
- fs.Seek(input.FileChunkOffset!.Value, SeekOrigin.Begin);
- await fs.WriteAsync(readBuffer, requestAborted);
- await fs.FlushAsync();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return Ok();
- // 取消上传
- case "cancelUpload":
- // 验证表单
- if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
- return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
- }
- {
- var deletePath = Path.Combine(
- _env.ContentRootPath,
- _env.EnvironmentName,
- "unsafe_uploads",
- input.UploadTaskCode!);
- // 删除文件,清除锁
- if (fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var locker))
- {
- using (await locker.LockAsync())
- {
- if (Directory.Exists(deletePath))
- {
- var dir = new DirectoryInfo(deletePath);
- dir.Delete(true);
- }
- fileWriteLockerDict.TryRemove(input.UploadTaskCode!, out _);
- }
- }
- }
- return Ok();
- // 完成上传
- case "completeUpload":
- // 验证表单
- if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
- {
- ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
- return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
- }
- {
- var savePath = Path.Combine(
- _env.ContentRootPath,
- _env.EnvironmentName,
- "unsafe_uploads",
- input.UploadTaskCode!);
- // 去除文件的临时扩展名,清除锁
- var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(savePath, $"{input.FileName}.tmp");
- var fi = new FileInfo(savePathWithFile);
- fi.MoveTo(Path.Combine(savePath, input.FileName));
- fileWriteLockerDict.TryRemove(input.UploadTaskCode!, out _);
- }
- return Ok();
- default:
- return BadRequest();
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 服务端使用三段式上传模式,开始上传,上传数据,完成(取消)上传。开始上传负责协商Hash算法和分配任务代码;上传数据负责具体的传输,并通过表单提供附加信息方便服务端操作。完成上传负责善后和资源清理。其中文件写入的异步锁使用Nito.AsyncEx代替不支持在异步中使用的lock语句。
页面代码(Index.razor),在结尾追加
- <p>支持随时取消的多文件并行分片上传,示例同时上传2个文件,每个文件同时上传2个分片,合计同时上传4个分片</p>
- <InputFile OnChange="UploadFile" multiple></InputFile>
- <button @onclick="async (MouseEventArgs e) => uploadCancelSource?.Cancel()">取消上传</button>
- @code{
- [Inject] private HttpClient _http { get; init; } = null!;
- [Inject] private ILogger<Index> _logger { get; init; } = null!;
- private CancellationTokenSource? uploadCancelSource;
- /// <summary>
- /// 上传文件
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="args">上传文件的事件参数</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- private async Task UploadFile(InputFileChangeEventArgs args)
- {
- // 设置文件并发选项
- var parallelCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
- uploadCancelSource = parallelCts;
- var parallelOption = new ParallelOptions
- {
- MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2,
- CancellationToken = parallelCts.Token
- };
- // 并发上传所有文件
- await Parallel.ForEachAsync(
- args.GetMultipleFiles(int.MaxValue),
- parallelOption,
- async (file, cancellation) =>
- {
- // 这里的取消令牌是并发方法创建的,和并发选项里的令牌不是一个
- if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
- {
- parallelCts.Cancel();
- return;
- }
- // 使用链接令牌确保外部取消能传递到内部
- var chunkUploadResult = await UploadChunkedFile(
- file,
- CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(
- parallelCts.Token,
- cancellation
- ).Token
- );
- // 如果上传不成功则取消后续上传
- if (chunkUploadResult != FileUploadResult.Success)
- {
- parallelCts.Cancel();
- return;
- }
- }
- );
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 分片上传文件
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="file">要上传的文件</param>
- /// <param name="cancellation">取消令牌</param>
- /// <returns>上传结果</returns>
- private async Task<FileUploadResult> UploadChunkedFile(IBrowserFile file, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
- {
- if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested) return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
- _logger.LogInformation("开始上传文件:{0}", file.Name);
- // 计算分片大小,文件小于10MB分片1MB,大于100MB分片10MB,在其间则使用不超过10片时的所需大小
- var coefficient = file.Size switch
- {
- <= 1024 * 1024 * 10 => 1,
- > 1024 * 1024 * 10 and <= 1024 * 1024 *100 => (int)Math.Ceiling(file.Size / (1024.0 * 1024) / 10),
- _ => 10
- };
- // 初始化分片参数,准备字符串格式的数据供表单使用
- var bufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * coefficient; // MB
- var stringBufferSize = bufferSize.ToString();
- var chunkCount = (int)Math.Ceiling(file.Size / (double)bufferSize);
- var stringChunkCount = chunkCount.ToString();
- var stringFileSize = file.Size.ToString();
- // 发起分片上传,协商Hash算法,获取任务代码
- var uploadStartContent = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
- {
- new("uploadType", "startUpload"),
- new("fileName", file.Name),
- new("fileSize", stringFileSize),
- new("allowedHashAlgorithm", "SHA1"),
- new("allowedHashAlgorithm", "SHA256"),
- new("fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount),
- new("fileChunkSize", stringBufferSize),
- };
- var uploadStartForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadStartContent);
- HttpResponseMessage? uploadStartResponse = null;
- try
- {
- uploadStartResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadStartForm, cancellation);
- }
- catch(TaskCanceledException e)
- {
- _logger.LogWarning(e, "外部取消上传,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
- }
- catch(Exception e)
- {
- _logger.LogError(e, "文件:{0} 的上传参数协商失败", file.Name);
- return FileUploadResult.Fail;
- }
- // 如果服务器响应失败,结束上传
- if (uploadStartResponse?.IsSuccessStatusCode is null or false)
- {
- _logger.LogError("文件:{0} 的上传参数协商失败", file.Name);
- return FileUploadResult.Fail;
- }
- // 解析协商的参数
- var uploadStartReault = await uploadStartResponse.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<FileChunkUploadStartReault>();
- var uploadTaskCode = uploadStartReault!.UploadTaskCode;
- var selectedHashAlgorithm = uploadStartReault!.SelectedHashAlgorithm;
- _logger.LogInformation("文件:{0} 的上传参数协商成功", file.Name);
- // 设置分片并发选项
- var parallelOption = new ParallelOptions
- {
- MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2,
- };
- var fileUploadCancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
- var sliceEnumeratorCancelSource = CancellationTokenSource
- .CreateLinkedTokenSource(
- cancellation,
- fileUploadCancelSource.Token
- );
- // 各个分片的上传结果
- var sliceUploadResults = new FileUploadResult?[chunkCount];
- // 并发上传各个分片,并发循环本身不能用并发选项的取消令牌取消,可能会导致内存泄漏,应该通过切片循环的取消使并发循环因没有可用元素自然结束
- await Parallel.ForEachAsync(
- SliceFileAsync(
- file,
- bufferSize,
- sliceEnumeratorCancelSource.Token
- ),
- parallelOption,
- async (fileSlice, sliceUploadCancel) =>
- {
- // 解构参数
- var (memory, sliceIndex, readBytes, fileOffset) = fileSlice;
- // 使用using确保结束后把租用的内存归还给内存池
- using (memory)
- {
- var stringSliceIndex = sliceIndex.ToString();
- // 主动取消上传,发送取消请求,通知服务端清理资源
- if (sliceUploadCancel.IsCancellationRequested)
- {
- _logger.LogWarning("外部取消上传,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
- sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Canceled;
- var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
- {"cancelReason", "调用方要求取消上传。"},
- };
- var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
- var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
- return;
- }
- // 当前上传分片索引应当小于预计的分片数
- Debug.Assert(sliceIndex < chunkCount);
- // 获取准确大小的缓冲区,从内存池租用时得到的容量可能大于申请的大小,使用C#的新集合切片语法
- var readBuffer = memory.Memory[..readBytes];
- var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
- // 根据协商的算法计算Hash,wasm环境不支持MD5和全部非对称加密算法
- var hash = selectedHashAlgorithm switch
- {
- "SHA1" => SHA1.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
- "SHA256" => SHA256.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
- _ => Array.Empty<byte>()
- };
- sw.Stop();
- _logger.LogInformation("文件:{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 计算Hash用时 {3}", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes, sw.Elapsed);
- var stringReadBytes = readBytes.ToString();
- var stringFileOffset = fileOffset.ToString();
- // 上传当前分片
- MultipartFormDataContent uploadFileForm = new();
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(uploadTaskCode!), "uploadTaskCode");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent("uploadChunk"), "uploadType");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(file.Name), "fileName");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringFileSize), "fileSize");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(selectedHashAlgorithm!), "hashAlgorithm");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(hash.ToHexString()), "hashValue");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringChunkCount), "fileChunkCount");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringReadBytes), "fileChunkSize");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringFileOffset), "fileChunkOffset");
- uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringSliceIndex), "fileChunkIndex");
- // 如果是未知的文件类型,设置为普通二进制流的MIME类型
- var fileChunk = new ReadOnlyMemoryContent(readBuffer);
- fileChunk.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(file.ContentType) ? "application/octet-stream" : file.ContentType);
- uploadFileForm.Add(fileChunk, "fileChunkData", file.Name);
- HttpResponseMessage? uploadResponse = null;
- try
- {
- var uploadTaskCancel = CancellationTokenSource
- .CreateLinkedTokenSource(
- sliceUploadCancel,
- sliceEnumeratorCancelSource.Token
- );
- _logger.LogInformation("文件:{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 开始上传", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes);
- sw.Restart();
- uploadResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadFileForm, uploadTaskCancel.Token);
- }
- catch (TaskCanceledException e)
- {
- _logger.LogWarning(e, "外部取消上传,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
- sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Canceled;
- var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
- {"cancelReason", "调用方要求取消上传。"},
- };
- var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
- var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
- return;
- }
- catch (Exception e)
- {
- _logger.LogError(e, "上传发生错误,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
- sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Fail;
- var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"fileChunkSize", stringReadBytes},
- {"fileChunkOffset", stringFileOffset},
- {"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
- {"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
- };
- var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
- var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
- return;
- }
- finally
- {
- sw.Stop();
- }
- // 上传发生错误,发送取消请求,通知服务端清理资源
- if (uploadResponse?.IsSuccessStatusCode is null or false)
- {
- _logger.LogError("上传发生错误,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
- sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Fail;
- var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"fileChunkSize", stringReadBytes},
- {"fileChunkOffset", stringFileOffset},
- {"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
- {"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
- };
- var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
- var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
- return;
- }
- _logger.LogInformation("文件:{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 上传成功,用时 {3}", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes, sw.Elapsed);
- sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Success;
- }
- }
- );
- // 如果所有分片都上传成功,则发送完成请求完成上传
- if (sliceUploadResults.All(success => success is FileUploadResult.Success))
- {
- var uploadCompleteContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "completeUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"fileSize", stringFileSize},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"fileChunkSize", stringBufferSize},
- };
- var uploadCompleteForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCompleteContent);
- var uploadCompleteResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCompleteForm);
- if (uploadCompleteResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
- {
- _logger.LogInformation("文件:{0} 上传成功,共 {1} 个片段", file.Name, chunkCount);
- return FileUploadResult.Success;
- }
- else
- {
- _logger.LogError("上传发生错误,已停止文件:{0} 的上传", file.Name);
- var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
- {
- {"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
- {"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
- {"fileName", file.Name},
- {"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
- {"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
- {"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
- };
- var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
- var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
- return FileUploadResult.Fail;
- }
- }
- else if (sliceUploadResults.Any(success => success is FileUploadResult.Fail))
- {
- return FileUploadResult.Fail;
- }
- else
- {
- return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 异步切分要上传的文件
- /// <br/>如果想中途结束切分,不要在调用此方法的foreach块中使用break,请使用取消令牌,否则会出现内存泄漏
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="file">要分片的文件</param>
- /// <param name="sliceSize">分片大小</param>
- /// <param name="cancellation">取消令牌</param>
- /// <returns>已切分的文件片段数据,用完切记释放其中的内存缓冲</returns>
- private static async IAsyncEnumerable<(IMemoryOwner<byte> memory, int sliceIndex, int readBytes, long fileOffset)> SliceFileAsync(
- IBrowserFile file,
- int sliceSize,
- [EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellation = default)
- {
- if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested) yield break;
- int fileSliceIndex;
- long fileOffset;
- IMemoryOwner<byte> memory;
- await using var fileStream = file.OpenReadStream(long.MaxValue);
- for (fileSliceIndex = 0, fileOffset = 0, memory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(sliceSize);
- (await fileStream.ReadAsync(memory.Memory[..sliceSize], cancellation)) is int readBytes and > 0;
- fileSliceIndex++, fileOffset += readBytes, memory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(sliceSize)
- )
- {
- if(cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
- {
- // 如果取消切分,缓冲不会返回到外部,只能在内部释放
- memory.Dispose();
- yield break;
- }
- yield return (memory, fileSliceIndex, readBytes, fileOffset);
- }
- // 切分结束后会多出一个没用的缓冲,只能在内部释放
- memory.Dispose();
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 上传结果
- /// </summary>
- public enum FileUploadResult
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 失败
- /// </summary>
- Fail = -2,
- /// <summary>
- /// 取消
- /// </summary>
- Canceled = -1,
- /// <summary>
- /// 没有结果,未知结果
- /// </summary>
- None = 0,
- /// <summary>
- /// 成功
- /// </summary>
- Success = 1
- }
- }
复制代码 示例使用Parallel.ForEachAsync方法并行启动多个文件和每个文件的多个片段的上传,并发量由方法的参数控制。UploadChunkedFile方法负责单个文件的上传,其中的IBrowserFile类型是.NET 6新增的文件选择框选中项的包装,可以使用其中的OpenReadStream方法流式读取文件数据,确保大文件上传不会在内存中缓冲所有数据导致内存占用问题。
UploadChunkedFile方法内部使用自适应分片大小算法,规则为片段最小1MB,最大10MB,尽可能平均分为10份。得出片段大小后向服务端请求开始上传文件,服务端成功返回后开始文件切分、校验和上传。
SliceFileAsync负责切分文件并流式返回每个片段,切分方法是惰性的,所以不用担心占用大量内存,但是这个方法只能使用取消令牌中断切分,如果在调用该方法的await foreach块中使用break中断会产生内存泄漏。切分完成后会返回包含片段数据的内存缓冲和其他附加信息。OpenReadStream需要使用参数控制允许读取的最大字节数(默认512KB),因为这里是分片上传,直接设置为long.MaxValue即可。for循环头使用逗号表达式定义多个循环操作,使循环体的代码清晰简洁。
UploadChunkedFile方法使用Parallel.ForEachAsync并行启动多个片段的校验和上传,WASM中不支持MD5和所有非对称加密算法,需要注意。完成文件的并行上传或发生错误后会检查所有片段的上传情况,如果所有片段都上传成功,就发送完成上传请求通知服务端收尾善后,否则删除临时文件。
结语
这应该是一个比较清晰易懂的分片上传示例。示例使用Blazor 和C#以非常流畅的异步代码实现了并发分片上传。但是本示例依然有许多可优化的点,例如实现断点续传,服务端如果没有收到结束请求时的兜底处理等,这些就留给朋友们思考了。
又是很久没有写文章了,一直没有找到什么好选题,难得找到一个,经过将近1周的研究开发终于搞定了。
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本文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/coredx/p/17746162.html
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/coredx/archive/2023/10/07/17746162.html
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