python: openpyxl操作Excel

微爱

1、 安装

1. pip install openpyxl

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　　想要在文件中插入图片文件，需要安装pillow，安装文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
　　· font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等
　　· fill(填充类)：颜色等
　　· border(边框类)：设置单元格边框
　　· alignment(位置类)：对齐方式
　　· number_format(格式类)：数据格式
　　· protection(保护类)：写保护
2、创建一个excel 文件，并写入不同类的内容

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3. from openpyxl import Workbook
4. wb = Workbook()    #创建文件对象
6. # grab the active worksheet
7. ws = wb.active     #获取第一个sheet
9. # Data can be assigned directly to cells
10. ws['A1'] = 42      #写入数字
11. ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文（unicode中文也可）
13. # Rows can also be appended
14. ws.append([1, 2, 3])    #写入多个单元格
16. # Python types will automatically be converted
17. import datetime
18. import time
19. ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()    #写入一个当前时间
20. #写入一个自定义的时间格式
21. ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime())
23. # Save the file
24. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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3、 创建sheet

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3. from openpyxl import Workbook
4. wb = Workbook()
6. ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet
7. ws1.title = "New Title"                    #设定一个sheet的名字
8. ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)      #设定sheet的插入位置 默认插在后面
9. ws2.title = u"你好"    #设定一个sheet的名字 必须是Unicode
11. ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"   #设定sheet的标签的背景颜色
13. #获取某个sheet对象
14. print wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"你好"  )
15. print wb["New Title" ]
17. #获取全部sheet 的名字，遍历sheet名字
18. print wb.sheetnames
19. for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
20.     print sheet_name
22. print "*"*50
24. for sheet in wb:
25.     print sheet.title
27. #复制一个sheet
28. wb["New Title" ]["A1"]="zeke"
29. source = wb["New Title" ]
30. target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)
32. # w3 = wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title'])
33. # ws3.title = 'new2'
34. # wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']).title = 'hello'
35. # Save the file
36. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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4、 操作单元格

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. wb = Workbook()
4. ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet
6. ws1["A1"]=123.11
7. ws1["B2"]="你好"
8. d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
10. print ws1["A1"].value
11. print ws1["B2"].value
12. print d.value
14. # Save the file
15. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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5、 操作批量的单元格

无论ws.rows还是ws.iter_rows都是一个对象
除上述两个对象外 单行，单列都是一个元祖，多行多列是二维元祖

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. wb = Workbook()
5. ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet
7. ws1["A1"]=1
8. ws1["A2"]=2
9. ws1["A3"]=3
11. ws1["B1"]=4
12. ws1["B2"]=5
13. ws1["B3"]=6
15. ws1["C1"]=7
16. ws1["C2"]=8
17. ws1["C3"]=9
19. #操作单列
20. print ws1["A"]
21. for cell in ws1["A"]:
22.     print cell.value
24. #操作多列,获取每一个值
25. print ws1["A:C"]
26. for column in ws1["A:C"]:
27.     for cell in column:
28.         print cell.value
30. #操作多行
31. row_range = ws1[1:3]
32. print row_range
33. for row in row_range:
34.     for cell in row:
35.         print cell.value
37. print "*"*50
38. for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):
39.     for cell in row:
40.         print cell.value
42. #获取所有行
43. print ws1.rows
44. for row in ws1.rows:
45.     print row
47. print "*"*50
48. #获取所有列
49. print ws1.columns
50. for col in ws1.columns:
51.     print col
53. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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使用百分数

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
4. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
5. wb.guess_types = True
6. ws=wb.active
7. ws["D1"]="12%"
8. print ws["D1"].value
10. # Save the file
11. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
12. #结果会打印小数
15. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
16. from openpyxl import Workbook
17. from openpyxl import load_workbook
18. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
19. wb.guess_types = False
20. ws=wb.active
21. ws["D1"]="12%"
22. print ws["D1"].value
23. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
24. #结果会打印百分数

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获取所有的行对象：

1. #coding=utf-8
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
4. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
5. ws=wb.active
6. rows=[]
7. for row in ws.iter_rows():
8.             rows.append(row)
9. print rows   #所有行
10. print rows[0] #获取第一行
11. print rows[0][0] #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象
12. print rows[0][0].value #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象的值
14. print rows[len(rows)-1] #获取最后行 print rows[-1]
15. print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1] #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象
16. print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1].value #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象的值

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获取所有的列对象：

1. #coding=utf-8
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
4. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
5. ws=wb.active
6. cols=[]
7. cols = []
8. for col in ws.iter_cols():
9.     cols.append(col)
11. print cols   #所有列
12. print cols[0]   #获取第一列
13. print cols[0][0]   #获取第一列的第一行的单元格对象
14. print cols[0][0].value   #获取第一列的第一行的值
16. print "*"*30
17. print cols[len(cols)-1]   #获取最后一列
18. print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1]   #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象
19. print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1].value   #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象的值

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6、 操作已经存在的文件

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
4. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
5. wb.guess_types = True   #猜测格式类型
6. ws=wb.active
7. ws["D1"]="12%"
8. print ws["D1"].value
10. # Save the file
11. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
12. #注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失

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7、 单元格类型

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
4. import datetime
5. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
7. ws=wb.active
8. wb.guess_types = True
10. ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
11. print ws["A1"].number_format
13. ws["A2"]="12%"
14. print ws["A2"].number_format
16. ws["A3"]= 1.1
17. print ws["A4"].number_format
19. ws["A4"]= "中国"
20. print ws["A5"].number_format
21. # Save the file
22. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
23. 执行结果：
24. yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss
25. 0%
26. General
27. General
28. #如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0%
29. 数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型

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8、 使用公式

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
5. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
6. ws1=wb.active
8. ws1["A1"]=1
9. ws1["A2"]=2
10. ws1["A3"]=3
12. ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
13. ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"
15. print ws1["A4"].value  #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
16. print ws1["A5"].value  #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
18. # Save the file
19. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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9、 合并单元格

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl import load_workbook
5. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
6. ws1=wb.active
8. ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
9. ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')  #合并后的单元格，脚本单独执行拆分操作会报错，需要重新执行合并操作再拆分
11. # or equivalently
12. ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
13. ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
15. # Save the file
16. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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10、插入一个图片

需要先安装Pilow,安全文件是：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import load_workbook
3. from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
5. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
6. ws1=wb.active
8. img = Image('e:\\1.png')
9. ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')
11. # Save the file
12. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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11、 隐藏单元格

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import load_workbook
3. from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
5. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
6. ws1=wb.active
8. ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True)   #隐藏a到d列范围内的列
9. #ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法
10. # Save the file
11. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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12、 画一个柱状图

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import load_workbook
3. from openpyxl import Workbook
4. from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series
6. wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
7. ws1=wb.active
9. wb = Workbook()
10. ws = wb.active
11. for i in range(10):
12.     ws.append([i])
14. values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)
15. chart = BarChart()
16. chart.add_data(values)
17. ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")
19. # Save the file
20. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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13、 画一个饼图

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import load_workbook
3. from openpyxl import Workbook
4. from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference)
5. from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint
7. data = [
8.     ['Pie', 'Sold'],
9.     ['Apple', 50],
10.     ['Cherry', 30],
11.     ['Pumpkin', 10],
12.     ['Chocolate', 40],
13. ]
15. wb = Workbook()
16. ws = wb.active
18. for row in data:
19.     ws.append(row)
21. pie = PieChart()
22. labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
23. data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
24. pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
25. pie.set_categories(labels)
26. pie.title = "Pies sold by category"
28. # Cut the first slice out of the pie
29. slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20)
30. pie.series[0].data_points = [slice]
32. ws.add_chart(pie, "D1")
34. ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection")
36. data = [
37.     ['Page', 'Views'],
38.     ['Search', 95],
39.     ['Products', 4],
40.     ['Offers', 0.5],
41.     ['Sales', 0.5],
42. ]
44. for row in data:
45.     ws.append(row)
47. projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart()
48. projected_pie.type = "pie"
49. projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value
50. labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
51. data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
52. projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
53. projected_pie.set_categories(labels)
55. ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10")
57. from copy import deepcopy
58. projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie)
59. projected_bar.type = "bar"
60. projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position
62. ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27")
64. # Save the file
65. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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14、 设定一个表格区域，并设定表格的格式

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import load_workbook
3. from openpyxl import Workbook
4. from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo
6. wb = Workbook()
7. ws = wb.active
9. data = [
10.     ['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],
11.     ['Pears',   2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],
12.     ['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],
13.     ['Oranges',  500,  300,  200,  700],
14. ]
16. # add column headings. NB. these must be strings
17. ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])
18. for row in data:
19.     ws.append(row)
21. tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")
23. # Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns
24. style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,
25.                        showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)
26. #第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否···
27. #是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色
28. tab.tableStyleInfo = style
29. ws.add_table(tab)
31. # Save the file
32. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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15、给单元格设定字体颜色

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl.styles import colors
4. from openpyxl.styles import Font
6. wb = Workbook()
7. ws = wb.active
9. a1 = ws['A1']
10. d4 = ws['D4']
11. ft = Font(color=colors.RED)  # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色
12. a1.font = ft
13. d4.font = ft
15. # If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
16. #italic 倾斜字体
17. a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
18. a1.value = "abc"
20. # Save the file
21. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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16、设定字体和大小

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl.styles import colors
4. from openpyxl.styles import Font
6. wb = Workbook()
7. ws = wb.active
9. a1 = ws['A1']
10. d4 = ws['D4']
11. a1.value = "abc"
13. from openpyxl.styles import Font
14. from copy import copy
16. ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14)
17. ft2 = copy(ft1)   #复制字体对象
18. ft2.name = "Tahoma"
20. print ft1.name
21. print ft2.name
22. print ft2.size # copied from the
24. a1.font = ft1
25. # Save the file
26. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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17、设定行和列的字体

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl.styles import Font
4. wb = Workbook()
5. ws = wb.active
7. col = ws.column_dimensions['A']
8. col.font = Font(bold=True)   #将A列设定为粗体
9. row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
10. row.font = Font(underline="single")  #将第一行设定为下划线格式
12. # Save the file
13. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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18、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl.styles import Font
4. from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
6. wb = Workbook()
7. ws = wb.active
9. highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
10. highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
11. highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充
12. bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
13. highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)
15. print dir(ws["A1"])
16. ws["A1"].style =highlight
18. # Save the file
19. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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19、常用的样式和属性设置

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. from openpyxl import Workbook
3. from openpyxl.styles import Font
4. from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
5. from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
7. wb = Workbook()
8. ws = wb.active
10. ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',
11.     size=11,
12.     bold=False,
13.     italic=False,
14.     vertAlign=None,
15.     underline='none',
16.     strike=False,
17.     color='FF000000')
19. fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",
20.     start_color='FFEEFFFF',
21.     end_color='FF001100')
23. #边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']
24. #diagonal 表示对角线
25. bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
26.               color='FF001000'),
27.     right=Side(border_style="thin",
28.                color='FF110000'),
29.     top=Side(border_style="thin",
30.              color='FF110000'),
31.     bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
32.                 color='FF110000'),
33.     diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
34.                   color='FF000000'),
35.     diagonal_direction=0,
36.     outline=Side(border_style=None,
37.                  color='FF000000'),
38.     vertical=Side(border_style=None,
39.                   color='FF000000'),
40.     horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
41.                    color='FF110000')
42.                 )
44. alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
45.         vertical='bottom',
46.         text_rotation=0,
47.         wrap_text=False,
48.         shrink_to_fit=False,
49.         indent=0)
51. number_format = 'General'
53. protection = Protection(locked=True,
54.             hidden=False)
56. ws["B5"].font = ft
57. ws["B5"].fill =fill
58. ws["B5"].border = bd
59. ws["B5"].alignment = alignment
60. ws["B5"].number_format = number_format
62. ws["B5"].value ="zeke"
64. # Save the file
65. wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/dancesir/p/17764443.html
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