.Net6在Docker环境下操作Selenium.Chrome的那些坑
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.Net6中想实现对某个网址截屏,可通过Selenium模拟访问网址并实现截图。
实现
安装Nuget包- [/code]之后可通过代码实现模拟访问网址并截图
- [code]public static string PageScreenshot(string url, string uploadbasepath)
- {
- ChromeDriver driver = null;
- try
- {
- ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
- options.AddArguments("headless", "disable-gpu", "no-sandbox");
- driver = new ChromeDriver(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location), options);
- //driver = new ChromeDriver("/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable", options);
- driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
- string width = driver.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollWidth").ToString();
- string height = driver.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollHeight").ToString();
- driver.Manage().Window.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(int.Parse(width), int.Parse(height)); //=int.Parse( height);
- var screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot();
- //directory create
- var basepath = uploadbasepath + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + "/";
- if (!Directory.Exists(uploadbasepath))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(uploadbasepath);
- }
- if (!Directory.Exists(basepath))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(basepath);
- }
- var path = basepath + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + ".jpg";
- screenshot.SaveAsFile(path);
- return path;
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- throw;
- }
- finally
- {
- if (driver != null)
- {
- driver.Close();
- driver.Quit();
- }
- }
- }
复制代码
需要另外做的一步是把chromedriver从bin/Release/netcoreapp3.1/chromedriver复制到publish目录。
你以为到这就完了?这个代码确实可以在windows/linux非容器环境下运行。但是在docker里还是有些不一样。
Docker中运行的那些坑
首先需要注意.netcore3.1在Docker中操作图片记得安装libgdiplus.so- #Dockerfile
- RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y --allow-unauthenticated libgdiplus && apt-get clean && ln -s /usr/lib/libgdiplus.so /usr/lib/gdiplus.dll
复制代码
1.第一个坑
首先遇到的就是OpenQA.Selenium.DriverServiceNotFoundException异常,异常信息是- OpenQA.Selenium.DriverServiceNotFoundException: The file /opt/google/chrome/chrome/chromedriver does not exist. The driver can be downloaded at http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
复制代码 这个异常明显是找不到chromedriver,那就与在非Docker环境linux中直接运行的方式一样,尝试把chromedriver复制到Docker的publish目录中,在Dockerfile中添加以下内容- #dockerfile
- RUN cp /src/xxx/Release/netcoreapp3.1/chromedriver /app/publish/
复制代码
2.第二个坑
尝试运行以上容器,还是失败,进入容器内部,直接运行chromedriver,可以看到缺少libxx.so之类的库。那咋办,只能尝试在镜像中安装chrome,这样相关库就有了
安装chrome相关资料
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55206172/how-to-run-dotnet-core-app-with-selenium-in-docker
https://github.com/devpabloassis/seleniumdotnetcore/blob/master/Dockerfile
那在Dockerfile中添加安装chrome的命令- #Dockerfile Install Chrome
- RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
- apt-transport-https \
- ca-certificates \
- curl \
- gnupg \
- hicolor-icon-theme \
- libcanberra-gtk* \
- libgl1-mesa-dri \
- libgl1-mesa-glx \
- libpango1.0-0 \
- libpulse0 \
- libv4l-0 \
- fonts-symbola \
- --no-install-recommends \
- && curl -sSL https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
- && echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list \
- && apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
- google-chrome-stable \
- --no-install-recommends \
- && apt-get purge --auto-remove -y curl \
- && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
复制代码
3.第三个坑
运行以上修改后的容器,又一个异常- DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist
复制代码 继续查资料发现需要加个参数disable-dev-shm-usage
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50642308/webdriverexception-unknown-error-devtoolsactiveport-file-doesnt-exist-while-t
但是前面试了不在docker内运行,需要这个参数,那就加个环境变量区分开docker与非docker环境- #Dockerfile
- ENV INDOCKER 1
复制代码- public static string PageScreenshot(string url, string uploadbasepath)
- {
- ChromeDriver driver = null;
- try
- {
- var indocker = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("INDOCKER");
- ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
- if (indocker == "1")
- {
- options.AddArguments("headless", "disable-gpu", "no-sandbox", "disable-dev-shm-usage");
- //driver = new ChromeDriver("/opt/google/chrome/chrome", options);
- }
- else
- {
- options.AddArguments("headless", "disable-gpu", "no-sandbox");
- }
- driver = new ChromeDriver(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location), options);
- //driver = new ChromeDriver("/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable", options);
- driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
- string width = driver.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollWidth").ToString();
- string height = driver.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollHeight").ToString();
- driver.Manage().Window.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(int.Parse(width), int.Parse(height)); //=int.Parse( height);
- var screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot();
- //directory create
- var basepath = uploadbasepath + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + "/";
- if (!Directory.Exists(uploadbasepath))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(uploadbasepath);
- }
- if (!Directory.Exists(basepath))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(basepath);
- }
- var path = basepath + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + ".jpg";
- screenshot.SaveAsFile(path);
- return path;
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- throw;
- }
- finally
- {
- if (driver != null)
- {
- driver.Close();
- driver.Quit();
- }
- }
- }
复制代码
4.第四个坑
尝试运行上面修改后的容器,又一个异常- This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 99
- Current browser version is 109.0.5414.74 with binary path /usr/bin/google-chrome
复制代码 这个信息字面意思就是之前第一个坑复制的chromedriver版本较低。那就直接去官网下载最新的chromedriver,并放到镜像内
下载地址:http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html- # Dockerfile
- COPY ["xxx/chromedriver", "."]
- RUN chmod +x chromedriver
复制代码
5.第五个坑
继续尝试运行,发现这次能成功截图了,等等...这字体咋还是乱码呢
明显是中文乱码了,应该是容器内没中文字体,那就安装中文字体,字体可以从C:\Windows\Fonts中获取ttc,ttf字体文件- #Dockerfile
- RUN apt-get update
- RUN apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libgdiplus libc6-dev
- RUN apt-get install -y fontconfig xfonts-utils
- COPY fonts/ /usr/share/fonts/
- RUN mkfontscale
- RUN mkfontdir
- RUN fc-cache -fv
复制代码
再次运行,终于成功
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyishi/archive/2023/01/13/17044827.html
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发表于 2023-1-13 20:50:47
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