Python处理日期方法大全、三十种方法

孙金龙

一、使用 time 模块展示当前日期和时间

1. import time
2. from time import gmtime, strftime
4. t = time.localtime()  
5. print (time.asctime(t))  # Sun May 7 09:30:37 2017
6. print(strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", gmtime()))  # Sun, 07 May 2017 04:00:37 +0000
7. print(strftime("%A", gmtime()))  # Sunday
8. print(strftime("%D", gmtime()))  # 05/07/17
9. print(strftime("%B", gmtime()))  # May
10. print(strftime("%y", gmtime()))  # 17
12. # Convert seconds into GMT date
13. print(strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", gmtime(1234567890)))  # Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:31:30 +0000

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二、将天、小时、分钟转换为秒

1. SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60
2. SECONDS_PER_HOUR = 3600
3. SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400
5. # 输入天、小时、分钟、秒的数量
6. days = int(input("Enter number of Days: "))
7. hours = int(input("Enter number of Hours: "))
8. minutes = int(input("Enter number of Minutes: "))
9. seconds = int(input("Enter number of Seconds: "))
11. # 计算
12. total_seconds = days * SECONDS_PER_DAY
13. total_seconds = total_seconds + ( hours * SECONDS_PER_HOUR)
14. total_seconds = total_seconds + ( minutes * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE)
15. total_seconds = total_seconds + seconds
17. # 结果
18. print("Total number of seconds: ","%d"%(total_seconds))
19. '''
20. Enter number of Days: 5
21. Enter number of Hours: 36
22. Enter number of Minutes: 24
23. Enter number of Seconds: 15
24. Total number of seconds: 563055
25. '''

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三、使用 Pandas 获取当前日期和时间

1. import pandas as pd
2. print(pd.datetime.now())  # 2018-01-19 16:08:28.393553
3. print(pd.datetime.now().date())  # 2018-01-19
4. print(pd.datetime.now().year)  # 2018
5. print(pd.datetime.now().month)  # 1
6. print(pd.datetime.now().day)  # 19
7. print(pd.datetime.now().hour)  # 16
8. print(pd.datetime.now().minute)  # 8
9. print(pd.datetime.now().second)  # 28
10. print(pd.datetime.now().microsecond)  # 394553

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四、将字符串转换为日期时间对象

1. from datetime import datetime
2. from dateutil import parser
4. d1 = "Jan 7 2015  1:15PM"
5. d2 = "2015 Jan 7  1:33PM"
7. # If you know date format
8. date1 = datetime.strptime(d1, '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')
9. print(type(date1))  # class 'datetime.datetime'
10. print(date1)  # 2015-01-07 13:15:00
12. # If you don't know date format
13. date2 = parser.parse(d2)
14. print(type(date2))  # class 'datetime.datetime'
15. print(date2)  # 2015-01-07 13:33:00

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五、以毫秒为单位获取当前时间

1. import time
3. milliseconds = int(round(time.time() * 1000))
4. print(milliseconds)  # 1516364270650

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六、以 MST、EST、UTC、GMT 和 HST 获取当前日期时间

1. from datetime import datetime
2. from pytz import timezone
4. mst = timezone('MST')
5. print("Time in MST:", datetime.now(mst))  # Time in MST: 2017-01-19 06:06:14.495605-07:00
6. est = timezone('EST')
7. print("Time in EST:", datetime.now(est))  # Time in EST: 2017-01-19 08:06:14.496606-05:00
8. utc = timezone('UTC')
9. print("Time in UTC:", datetime.now(utc))  # Time in UTC: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
10. gmt = timezone('GMT')
11. print("Time in GMT:", datetime.now(gmt))  # Time in GMT: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
12. hst = timezone('HST')
13. print("Time in HST:", datetime.now(hst))  # Time in HST: 2017-01-19 03:06:14.497606-10:00

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七、从给定的日期当中获取星期几

1. import datetime
3. dayofweek = datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).strftime("%A")
4. print(dayofweek)  # Wednesday
6. # weekday()方法： 0代表周一，6代表周日
7. print("weekday():", datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).weekday())  # weekday(): 2
9. # isoweekday() 方法： 1代表周一，7代表周日
10. print("isoweekday()", datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).isoweekday())  # isoweekday() 3
12. dayofweek = datetime.datetime.today().strftime("%A")
13. print(dayofweek)  # Friday
14. print("weekday():", datetime.datetime.today().weekday())  # weekday(): 4
15. print("isoweekday()", datetime.datetime.today().isoweekday())  # isoweekday(): 5

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八、计算两个日期时间对象之间的时差

1. import datetime
2. from datetime import timedelta
4. datetimeFormat = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
5. date1 = '2016-04-16 10:01:28.585'
6. date2 = '2016-03-10 09:56:28.067'
7. diff = datetime.datetime.strptime(date1, datetimeFormat)\
8.     - datetime.datetime.strptime(date2, datetimeFormat)
10. print("Difference:", diff)  # Difference: 37 days, 0:05:00.518000
11. print("Days:", diff.days)  # Days: 37
12. print("Microseconds:", diff.microseconds)  # Microseconds: 518000
13. print("Seconds:", diff.seconds)  # Seconds: 300

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九、将 5 分钟添加到 Unix 时间戳

1. import datetime
2. import calendar
4. future = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
5. print(calendar.timegm(future.timetuple()))  # 1621069619

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十、遍历一系列日期

1. import datetime
3. start = datetime.datetime.strptime("21-06-2020", "%d-%m-%Y")
4. end = datetime.datetime.strptime("05-07-2020", "%d-%m-%Y")
5. date_generated = [start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end - start).days)]
7. for date in date_generated:
8.     print(date.strftime("%d-%m-%Y"))

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十一、巴黎时间更改为纽约时间

1. import pendulum
3. in_paris = pendulum.datetime(2016, 8, 7, 22, 24, 30, tz='Europe/Paris')
4. print(in_paris)  # 2016-08-07T22:24:30+02:00
6. in_us = in_paris.in_timezone('America/New_York')
7. print(in_us)  # 2016-08-07T16:24:30-04:00

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十二、使用 Python 获得最后7个工作日

1. from datetime import date
2. from datetime import timedelta
4. today = date.today()
6. for i in range(7):
7.     d = today - timedelta(days=i)
8.     if d.weekday() < 5:
9.         print(d)

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十三、从今天的日期和一个人的生日推算年龄

1. from datetime import date
4. def calculate_age(born):
5.     today = date.today()
6.     try:
7.         birthday = born.replace(year=today.year)
8.     except ValueError:
9.         birthday = born.replace(year=today.year, month=born.month + 1, day=1)
10.     if birthday > today:
11.         return today.year - born.year - 1
12.     else:
13.         return today.year - born.year
16. print(calculate_age(date(2001, 3, 1)))

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十四、获得本月的第一个星期二

1. import calendar
2. from datetime import datetime
4. c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
5. monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(datetime.today().year, datetime.today().month)
6. #Python小白学习交流群：153708845  
7. try:
8.     tues = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if
9.             day.weekday() == calendar.TUESDAY and day.month == datetime.today().month][0]
10.     print(tues)
11. except IndexError:
12.     print('No date found')

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十五、将整数转换为日期对象

1. from datetime import datetime
3. i = 1545730073
4. timestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(i)
6. print(timestamp)  # 2018-12-25 14:57:53
7. print(type(timestamp))

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十六、当前日期减去 N 天的天数

1. from datetime import datetime, timedelta
3. d = datetime.today() - timedelta(days=5)
4. print(d)

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十七、比较两个日期

1. import datetime
3. a = datetime.datetime(2020, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
4. b = datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 30, 23, 59, 59)
6. print(a < b)
7. print(a > b)

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十八、从 datetime 对象中提取年份

1. import datetime
3. year = datetime.date.today().year
4. print(year)

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十九、根据日期找到星期几

1. import pendulum
3. dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-18')
4. print(dt.day_of_week)  # 2
6. dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-01')
7. print(dt.day_of_week) # 6
9. dt = pendulum.parse('2021-05-21')
10. print(dt.day_of_week) # 5

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二十、从当前日期获取 7 天前的日期

1. from datetime import datetime, timedelta
3. now = datetime.now()
5. for x in range(7):
6.     d = now - timedelta(days=x)
7.     print(d.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))

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二十一、将两个日期时间对象之间的差值转换为秒

1. import datetime
3. time1 = datetime.datetime.strptime('19 01 2021', '%d %m %Y')
4. time2 = datetime.datetime.strptime('25 01 2021', '%d %m %Y')
6. difference = time2 - time1
7. print(difference)  # 6 days, 0:00:00
9. seconds = difference.total_seconds()
10. print(seconds)  # 518400.0

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二十二、获得任何一个月的第N个星期五

1. import calendar
3. # 取2021年5月的第三个星期五
4. c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
5. year = 2021
6. month = 5
7. n = 2  # 取第三个
8. monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(year, month)
10. try:
11.     third_friday = [
12.         day for week in monthcal
13.             for day in week if
14.                 day.weekday() == calendar.FRIDAY and day.month == month
15.     ][n]
16.     print(third_friday)  # 2021-05-21
17. except IndexError:
18.     print('No date found')

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二十三、根据周数获取日期

1. import datetime
2. from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
4. week = 25
5. year = 2021
6. date = datetime.date(year, 1, 1) + relativedelta(weeks=+week)
7. print(date)  # 2021-06-25

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二十四、获取特定日期的工作日

1. import datetime
3. print(datetime.date(2020, 5, 15).isocalendar()[2])  # 5

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二十五、创建一个 15 分钟前的 DateTime

1. import datetime
2. #Python小白学习交流群：153708845  
3. dt = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(minutes=15)
4. print(dt)  # 2021-05-15 22:25:55.897365

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二十六、从特定日期获取周的开始和结束日期

1. import pendulum
3. dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 9, 5)
5. start = dt.start_of('week')
6. print(start.to_datetime_string())  # 2012-09-03 00:00:00
8. end = dt.end_of('week')
9. print(end.to_datetime_string())  # 2012-09-09 23:59:59

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二十七、两个日期之间的差异（以秒为单位）

1. from datetime import datetime
2. #Python小白学习交流群：153708845
3. fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
4. d1 = datetime.strptime('2020-01-01 17:31:22', fmt)
5. d2 = datetime.strptime('2020-01-03 17:31:22', fmt)
7. days_diff = d2 - d1
8. print(days_diff.days * 24 * 60 * 60)  # 172800

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二十八、以这种格式获取昨天的日期MMDDYY

1. from datetime import date, timedelta
3. yesterday = date.today() - timedelta(days=1)
4. print(yesterday.strftime('%m%d%y'))  # 051421

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二十九、根据今天的日期获取上周三的日期

1. from datetime import date
2. from datetime import timedelta
4. today = date.today()
6. offset = (today.weekday() - 2) % 7
7. wednesday = today - timedelta(days=offset)
8. print(wednesday)  # 2021-05-12

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三十、所有可用时区的列表打印

1. import pytz
3. for i in pytz.all_timezones:
4.     print(i)

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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xxpythonxx/p/17817779.html
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