WPF实现树形下拉列表框(TreeComboBox)
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前言
树形下拉菜单是许多WPF应用程序中常见的用户界面元素,它能够以分层的方式展示数据,提供更好的用户体验。本文将深入探讨如何基于WPF创建一个可定制的树形下拉菜单控件,涵盖从原理到实际实现的关键步骤。
一、需求分析
树形下拉菜单控件的核心是将ComboBox与TreeView结合起来,以实现下拉时的树状数据展示。在WPF中,可以通过自定义控件模板、样式和数据绑定来实现这一目标。
我们首先来分析一下ComboBox控件的模板。- <ControlTemplate x:Key="ComboBoxTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type ComboBox}">
- <Grid x:Name="templateRoot" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
- <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
- <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.VerticalScrollBarWidthKey}}" Width="0"/>
- </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <Popup x:Name="PART_Popup" AllowsTransparency="true" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" IsOpen="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}" Margin="1" Placement="Bottom" PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.ComboBoxPopupAnimationKey}}">
- <theme:SystemDropShadowChrome x:Name="shadow" Color="Transparent" MinWidth="{Binding ActualWidth, ElementName=templateRoot}" MaxHeight="{TemplateBinding MaxDropDownHeight}">
- <Border x:Name="dropDownBorder" Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}" BorderBrush="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowFrameBrushKey}}" BorderThickness="1">
- <ScrollViewer x:Name="DropDownScrollViewer">
- <Grid x:Name="grid" RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint="Enabled">
- <Canvas x:Name="canvas" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="0">
- <Rectangle x:Name="opaqueRect" Fill="{Binding Background, ElementName=dropDownBorder}" Height="{Binding ActualHeight, ElementName=dropDownBorder}" Width="{Binding ActualWidth, ElementName=dropDownBorder}"/>
- </Canvas>
- <ItemsPresenter x:Name="ItemsPresenter" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/>
- </Grid>
- </ScrollViewer>
- </Border>
- </theme:SystemDropShadowChrome>
- </Popup>
- <ToggleButton x:Name="toggleButton" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" IsChecked="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxToggleButton}"/>
- <ContentPresenter x:Name="contentPresenter" ContentStringFormat="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemStringFormat}" ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemTemplate}" Content="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItem}" ContentTemplateSelector="{TemplateBinding ItemTemplateSelector}" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" IsHitTestVisible="false" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
- </Grid>
- </ControlTemplate>
复制代码 从以上代码可以看出,其中的Popup控件就是下拉部分,那么按照常理,我们在Popup控件中放入一个TreeView控件即可实现该需求,但是现实情况远没有这么简单。我们开发一个控件,不仅要从外观上实现功能,还需要考虑数据绑定、事件触发、自定义模板等方面的问题,显然,直接放置一个TreeView控件虽然也能实现功能,但是从封装的角度看,它并不优雅,使用也不方便。那么有没有更好的方法满足以上需求呢?下面提供另一种思路,其核心思想就是融合ComboBox控件与TreeView控件模板,让控件既保留TreeView的特性,又拥有ComboBox的外观。
二、代码实现
2.1 编辑TreeView模板;
2.2 提取ComboBox的模板代码;
2.3 将ComboBox的模板代码移植到TreeView模板中;
2.4 将TreeView模板包含ItemsPresenter部分的关键代码放入ComboBox模板中的Popup控件内;
以下为融合后的xaml代码- <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type local:TreeComboBox}">
- <Grid x:Name="templateRoot" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
- <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
- <ColumnDefinition Width="0" MinWidth="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.VerticalScrollBarWidthKey}}" />
- </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <Popup
- x:Name="PART_Popup"
- Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
- MaxHeight="{TemplateBinding MaxDropDownHeight}"
- Margin="1"
- AllowsTransparency="true"
- IsOpen="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}"
- Placement="Bottom"
- PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.ComboBoxPopupAnimationKey}}">
- <Border
- x:Name="PART_Border"
- Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=local:TreeComboBox}, Path=ActualWidth}"
- Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"
- BorderBrush="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowFrameBrushKey}}"
- BorderThickness="1"
- SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
- <ScrollViewer
- x:Name="_tv_scrollviewer_"
- Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
- Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
- CanContentScroll="false"
- Focusable="false"
- HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="{TemplateBinding ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility}"
- SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
- VerticalScrollBarVisibility="{TemplateBinding ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility}">
- <ItemsPresenter />
- </ScrollViewer>
- </Border>
- </Popup>
- <ToggleButton
- x:Name="toggleButton"
- Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
- Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
- BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
- BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
- IsChecked="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}"
- Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxToggleButton}" />
- <ContentPresenter
- x:Name="contentPresenter"
- Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
- HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
- VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
- Content="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItem}"
- ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemTemplate}"
- IsHitTestVisible="False" />
- </Grid>
- <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
- <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
- <Setter TargetName="PART_Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlBrushKey}}" />
- </Trigger>
- <Trigger Property="VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="true">
- <Setter TargetName="_tv_scrollviewer_" Property="CanContentScroll" Value="true" />
- </Trigger>
- <MultiTrigger>
- <MultiTrigger.Conditions>
- <Condition Property="IsGrouping" Value="true" />
- <Condition Property="VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizingWhenGrouping" Value="false" />
- </MultiTrigger.Conditions>
- <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="false" />
- </MultiTrigger>
- </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
- </ControlTemplate>
复制代码 以下为使用控件的代码。- <TreeComboBox
- Width="315"
- MinHeight="30"
- Padding="5"
- HorizontalAlignment="Center"
- VerticalAlignment="Top"
- VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"
- IsAutoCollapse="True"
- ItemsSource="{Binding Collection}">
- <TreeComboBox.SelectionBoxItemTemplate>
- <ItemContainerTemplate>
- <Border>
- <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Property1}" />
- </Border>
- </ItemContainerTemplate>
- </TreeComboBox.SelectionBoxItemTemplate>
- <TreeComboBox.ItemTemplate>
- <HierarchicalDataTemplate ItemsSource="{Binding Collection}">
- <TextBlock
- Margin="5,0,0,0"
- VerticalAlignment="Center"
- Text="{Binding Property1}" />
- </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
- </TreeComboBox.ItemTemplate>
- </TreeComboBox>
复制代码 三、运行效果
3.1 单选效果
3.2 多选效果
四、个性化外观
当控件默认外观无法满足需求时,我们可以通过编辑样式的方式来实现个性化外观,也可以引用第三方UI库样式,以下为使用MaterialDesign的效果。
4.1 单选效果
4.2 多选效果
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/qushi2020/p/18115948
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发表于 2024-4-5 22:19:41
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