[flask]使用mTLS双向加密认证http通信

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前言

mTLS，全称为双向TLS（Mutual Transport Layer Security），是一种安全通信协议，确保通信双方在传输层进行身份验证。与单向HTTPS不同，吗TLS不仅要求客户端验证服务端的身份，还要求服务端验证客户端的身份。
生成证书

常见的证书生成方式就是自签名证书，有条件的话还是自建CA机构或者购买专门的证书。

• 生成ca根证书。生成过程中会提示填写密码，记住密码，后续会用到。这里直接声明Common Name为qw.er.com，可根据实际需求修改ON、OU、CN等信息。
  

1. openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -subj "/CN=qw.er.com"  -days 3650

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• 新建并编辑openssl.cnf文件，根据实际需求修改CN、CN等信息
  

1. [req]
2. req_extensions = v3_req
3. distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
4. prompt = no
6. [req_distinguished_name]
7. countryName = CN
8. stateOrProvinceName = Anhui
9. localityName = Hefei
10. organizationName = zhangsan
11. commonName = qw.er.com
13. [v3_req]
14. subjectAltName = @alt_names
16. [alt_names]
17. DNS.1 = qw.er.com

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• 创建服务端证书。生成私钥文件时会提示输入根证书密码。
  

1. openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout server.key -out server.csr -subj "/CN=qw.er.com" -config openssl.cnf
2. openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -out server.crt -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 365 -extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf

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• 创建客户端证书。生成私钥文件时会提示输入根证书密码
  

1. openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout client.key -out client.csr -subj "/CN=qw.er.com" -config openssl.cnf
2. openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -out client.crt -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 365 -extensions v3_req -extfile openssl.cnf

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服务端示例

除了flask本身，只需要导入标准库ssl。注意证书路径需要是绝对路径。

1. from flask import Flask
2. import ssl
4. app = Flask(__name__)
6. @app.get("/health")
7. def health():
8.     return "ok"
10. def get_ssl_context():
11.     ca_crt_path = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/ca.crt"
12.     server_crt = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/server.crt"
13.     server_key = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/server.key"
14.     password = "qwerasdf"
16.     context = ssl.SSLContext(protocol=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
17.     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
18.     context.load_verify_locations(ca_crt_path)
19.     context.load_cert_chain(certfile=server_crt, keyfile=server_key, password=password)
21.     return context
23. if __name__ == "__main__":
24.     ssl_context = get_ssl_context()
25.     app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, ssl_context=ssl_context)

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客户端示例

• 方式1：使用curl命令
  

1. curl -k --cacert ca.crt --key client.key --cert client.crt https://127.0.0.1:5000/health

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• 方式2：使用requests库。注意修改hosts文件将qw.er.com映射到IP
  

1. import requests
3. ca_crt_path = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/ca.crt"
4. client_crt = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/client.crt"
5. client_key = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/client.key"
7. url = "https://qw.er.com:5000/health"
9. resp = requests.get(url, cert=(client_crt, client_key), verify=ca_crt_path)
10. print(resp.status_code)
11. print(resp.text)

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• 方式3：使用httpx库。注意修改hosts文件将qw.er.com映射到IP
  

1. import httpx
2. import ssl
4. def get_ssl_context():
5.     password = "qwerasdf"
6.         ca_crt_path = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/ca.crt"
7.         client_crt = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/client.crt"
8.         client_key = "/home/atlas/workspace/flask-learn/certs/client.key"
9.     context = ssl.SSLContext(protocol=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
10.     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
11.     context.load_verify_locations(ca_crt_path)
12.     context.load_cert_chain(certfile=client_crt, keyfile=client_key, password=password)
14.     return context
16. url = "https://qw.er.com:5000/health"
18. context = get_ssl_context()
20. with httpx.Client(verify=context) as client:
21.     resp = client.get(url)
22.     print(resp.status_code)
23.     print(resp.text)

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来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/XY-Heruo/p/18324384
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